PSYCH 412 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
1. Describe the five chief manifestations of puberty - Answers - 1. Rapid acceleration in
growth
2. Development of primary sex characterisitcs, including further development of the
gonads
3. The development of secondary sex characteristics.
4. Changes in body composition, specifically, in the quantity of distribution of fat and
muscle
5. Changes in the circulatory and respiratory systems which leads to increased strength
and tolerance for exercise..
2. Compare and contrast adrenarche and gonadarche - Answers - Adrenarche-
Maturation of the adrenal glands
-Involves activation of the HPA axis
-Occurs a year or two prior gonadarche
-Pubic hair, body odor, oily skin and acne
-happens 608 years old
Gonadarche: Maturation of the gonads
-Begins AFTER andrenarche aids in the development of sexual maturation
3. Outline the major pubertal events in boys and girls along with explaining the terms
timing and tempo - Answers - Boys:
Primary: Sperm and sex organs
Secondary: Hair growth in pubic areas, chest arms and skin becomes rough
Girls:
Primary:Egg, sex, organs
Secondary: Hair growth, facial hair, skin rough, sweat glands, enlargement of breasts
known as buds
Timing and tempo - Answers - GENETICS
-greatest predictor
EXERCISE
-High levels of exercise can delay puberty
NUTRITION
-the healthier you are the more likely you will mature earlier (energetics theory)
BIRTH WEIGHT
-Low birth weight, early onset
ARTIFICIAL LIGHT
, -increased exposure impacts it
ROLE OF STRESS
-Extremely high levels of stress can lead to delay of puberty (stress suppression theory)
4. Discuss what are the Tanner stages and potential issues with using this approach for
measuring puberty - Answers - -Longitudinal method to create 5 stages assessment on
pubertal progress
-Includes measures of both primary and secondary characteristics
-Some people go through puberty at different times and that doesn't reflect the stages
1. Outline Steinberg's three major pathways of social influence regarding puberty -
Answers - -Biological changes
-Changes in behavior
-Changes of appearance
-Changes in self image
-Hormonal changes
-Changes in self concepts and behaviors
2. Discuss the contributions of G. Stanley Hall to adolescent psychology, especially in
regards to the "storm and stress" concept. - Answers - -Decrease in self control and
increase to sensitive stimuli during adolescence
-wrote APA
-fight with parents
-engage in higher levels of risk taking
-extremely moody
Describe the secular trend and the factors influencing the timing of puberty - Answers - -
the age of menarche is going back and is going down in every western country
4. Provide an explanation of the delayed phase shift or preference change in sleep that
occurs during adolescence along with other reasons why adolescents are often sleep-
deprived. - Answers - 1) academic responsibilities
-increased homework load and extra activities
2) Work
-most adolescents are working during the school year
3) Social pressures
- engage in late night activities
4)Parental monitoring
-Most parents loosen their strictness in bed times
5)Technology
- increased exposure to artificial light during the evening and night impacts melatonin
ANSWERS
1. Describe the five chief manifestations of puberty - Answers - 1. Rapid acceleration in
growth
2. Development of primary sex characterisitcs, including further development of the
gonads
3. The development of secondary sex characteristics.
4. Changes in body composition, specifically, in the quantity of distribution of fat and
muscle
5. Changes in the circulatory and respiratory systems which leads to increased strength
and tolerance for exercise..
2. Compare and contrast adrenarche and gonadarche - Answers - Adrenarche-
Maturation of the adrenal glands
-Involves activation of the HPA axis
-Occurs a year or two prior gonadarche
-Pubic hair, body odor, oily skin and acne
-happens 608 years old
Gonadarche: Maturation of the gonads
-Begins AFTER andrenarche aids in the development of sexual maturation
3. Outline the major pubertal events in boys and girls along with explaining the terms
timing and tempo - Answers - Boys:
Primary: Sperm and sex organs
Secondary: Hair growth in pubic areas, chest arms and skin becomes rough
Girls:
Primary:Egg, sex, organs
Secondary: Hair growth, facial hair, skin rough, sweat glands, enlargement of breasts
known as buds
Timing and tempo - Answers - GENETICS
-greatest predictor
EXERCISE
-High levels of exercise can delay puberty
NUTRITION
-the healthier you are the more likely you will mature earlier (energetics theory)
BIRTH WEIGHT
-Low birth weight, early onset
ARTIFICIAL LIGHT
, -increased exposure impacts it
ROLE OF STRESS
-Extremely high levels of stress can lead to delay of puberty (stress suppression theory)
4. Discuss what are the Tanner stages and potential issues with using this approach for
measuring puberty - Answers - -Longitudinal method to create 5 stages assessment on
pubertal progress
-Includes measures of both primary and secondary characteristics
-Some people go through puberty at different times and that doesn't reflect the stages
1. Outline Steinberg's three major pathways of social influence regarding puberty -
Answers - -Biological changes
-Changes in behavior
-Changes of appearance
-Changes in self image
-Hormonal changes
-Changes in self concepts and behaviors
2. Discuss the contributions of G. Stanley Hall to adolescent psychology, especially in
regards to the "storm and stress" concept. - Answers - -Decrease in self control and
increase to sensitive stimuli during adolescence
-wrote APA
-fight with parents
-engage in higher levels of risk taking
-extremely moody
Describe the secular trend and the factors influencing the timing of puberty - Answers - -
the age of menarche is going back and is going down in every western country
4. Provide an explanation of the delayed phase shift or preference change in sleep that
occurs during adolescence along with other reasons why adolescents are often sleep-
deprived. - Answers - 1) academic responsibilities
-increased homework load and extra activities
2) Work
-most adolescents are working during the school year
3) Social pressures
- engage in late night activities
4)Parental monitoring
-Most parents loosen their strictness in bed times
5)Technology
- increased exposure to artificial light during the evening and night impacts melatonin
