ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 3
UPDATED ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS COMPLETE STUDY
GUIDE
◉ A 74-year-old female presents to the emergency department after
having a syncopal episode. On examination the patient is noted to
have a systolic murmur at the second intercostal space, right of the
sternal border which radiates to the neck. Which of the following is
the most likely cause of the syncope?
Answer: Aortic Stenosis
Aortic stenosis is more common in females and the elderly. An aortic
stenosis causes a decrease in cerebral perfusion which may result in
syncope.
◉ What are the clinical manifestations of Mitral Regurgitation?
Answer: Systolic murmurs which radiate to the axilla originate from
the mitral valve. A valve which has regurgitation allows some blood
to flow back through the valve during the cardiac cycle.
, ◉ At which age, after birth, is pulmonary resistance equal to that of
an adult?
Answer: 8 weeks
◉ Which patient is at the most risk for developing heart failure?
Answer: A 45-year-old male with a history of uncontrolled
hypertension, diabetes, and CAD.
◉ An 84-year-old female patient with a history of severe aortic
stenosis is going to surgery tomorrow for a repair of a right hip
fracture. Which of the following complications is the patient most
likely to have post-operatively?
Answer: Pulmonary edema
◉ Aortic Stenosis
Answer: Aortic stenosis is a narrowing of the aortic valve. Blood
from the left ventricle passes through the aortic valve into the aorta
to perfuse the body. The more severe the narrowing of the aortic
valve, the less blood moves through the valve to perfuse the body. As
a result blood backs up in the left ventricle and over time causes left
ventricular hypertrophy. The backup of blood will also eventually
cause left atrial hypertrophy, left-sided heart failure, pulmonary
HTN, right ventricular hypertrophy and right-sided heart failure.
UPDATED ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS COMPLETE STUDY
GUIDE
◉ A 74-year-old female presents to the emergency department after
having a syncopal episode. On examination the patient is noted to
have a systolic murmur at the second intercostal space, right of the
sternal border which radiates to the neck. Which of the following is
the most likely cause of the syncope?
Answer: Aortic Stenosis
Aortic stenosis is more common in females and the elderly. An aortic
stenosis causes a decrease in cerebral perfusion which may result in
syncope.
◉ What are the clinical manifestations of Mitral Regurgitation?
Answer: Systolic murmurs which radiate to the axilla originate from
the mitral valve. A valve which has regurgitation allows some blood
to flow back through the valve during the cardiac cycle.
, ◉ At which age, after birth, is pulmonary resistance equal to that of
an adult?
Answer: 8 weeks
◉ Which patient is at the most risk for developing heart failure?
Answer: A 45-year-old male with a history of uncontrolled
hypertension, diabetes, and CAD.
◉ An 84-year-old female patient with a history of severe aortic
stenosis is going to surgery tomorrow for a repair of a right hip
fracture. Which of the following complications is the patient most
likely to have post-operatively?
Answer: Pulmonary edema
◉ Aortic Stenosis
Answer: Aortic stenosis is a narrowing of the aortic valve. Blood
from the left ventricle passes through the aortic valve into the aorta
to perfuse the body. The more severe the narrowing of the aortic
valve, the less blood moves through the valve to perfuse the body. As
a result blood backs up in the left ventricle and over time causes left
ventricular hypertrophy. The backup of blood will also eventually
cause left atrial hypertrophy, left-sided heart failure, pulmonary
HTN, right ventricular hypertrophy and right-sided heart failure.
