ADVANCED HEALTH ASSESSMENT AND
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS IN PRIMARY CARE
ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ •Observe the shape of the thorax including AP diameter
Answer: •Normal finding: AP diameter should be less than
transverse diameter
◉ " when the AP diameter equals the transverse diameter.
Answer: We describe their thorax shape as "barrel-chested
◉ Bronchial sounds are
Answer: High in pitch ; inspiration < expiration ; Trachea and larynx
location
◉ Bronchovesicular Sounds
Answer: Moderate Pitch
Inspiration = expiration
Mixed
Heard over major bronchi where few alveoli were located
,◉ vesicular breath sounds
Answer: Low
Inspiration > expiration
Rustling, like wind
Heard over healthy lung tissue
◉ Abnormal breath sounds
Answer:
◉ , in a patient with dyspnea, I need to know that crackles suggests-
Answer: Pneumonia, heart failure, pulmonary edema
◉ while wheezes suggests
Answer: asthma, COPD, or airway obstruction.
◉ Rhonchi (sonorous wheezes)
Answer: Thick secretions, muscle spasm, tumor, external pressure
◉ Stridor
Answer: Croup, acute epiglottitis
, ◉ Pleural friction rub
Answer: Pleuritis
◉ Decreased sounds
Answer: Bronchial obstruction, emphysema
◉ increased - Sounds are louder than normal; usually high-pitched
Answer: Consolidation (pneumonia) or compression (fluid in the
intrapleural space)
◉ •Respiratory rate in infants is best observed while sleeping
Answer: •Periods of apnea up to 15 seconds while feeding or
sleeping are common
◉ In utero, lung development starts around 6 weeks gestation
Answer: lungs are not fully mature until well into early childhood.
When infants are born, then, the lungs are much smaller than adult
lungs and are still developing. Children are born with barrel-shaped
chest and remain that way until around 2 years old, and the thoracic
musculature continues to develop through age 6 or 7.
◉ Because of the ongoing development and smaller lung size,
Answer: young children are more susceptible to respiratory
infections, especially when exposed to second-hand smoke.
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS IN PRIMARY CARE
ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ •Observe the shape of the thorax including AP diameter
Answer: •Normal finding: AP diameter should be less than
transverse diameter
◉ " when the AP diameter equals the transverse diameter.
Answer: We describe their thorax shape as "barrel-chested
◉ Bronchial sounds are
Answer: High in pitch ; inspiration < expiration ; Trachea and larynx
location
◉ Bronchovesicular Sounds
Answer: Moderate Pitch
Inspiration = expiration
Mixed
Heard over major bronchi where few alveoli were located
,◉ vesicular breath sounds
Answer: Low
Inspiration > expiration
Rustling, like wind
Heard over healthy lung tissue
◉ Abnormal breath sounds
Answer:
◉ , in a patient with dyspnea, I need to know that crackles suggests-
Answer: Pneumonia, heart failure, pulmonary edema
◉ while wheezes suggests
Answer: asthma, COPD, or airway obstruction.
◉ Rhonchi (sonorous wheezes)
Answer: Thick secretions, muscle spasm, tumor, external pressure
◉ Stridor
Answer: Croup, acute epiglottitis
, ◉ Pleural friction rub
Answer: Pleuritis
◉ Decreased sounds
Answer: Bronchial obstruction, emphysema
◉ increased - Sounds are louder than normal; usually high-pitched
Answer: Consolidation (pneumonia) or compression (fluid in the
intrapleural space)
◉ •Respiratory rate in infants is best observed while sleeping
Answer: •Periods of apnea up to 15 seconds while feeding or
sleeping are common
◉ In utero, lung development starts around 6 weeks gestation
Answer: lungs are not fully mature until well into early childhood.
When infants are born, then, the lungs are much smaller than adult
lungs and are still developing. Children are born with barrel-shaped
chest and remain that way until around 2 years old, and the thoracic
musculature continues to develop through age 6 or 7.
◉ Because of the ongoing development and smaller lung size,
Answer: young children are more susceptible to respiratory
infections, especially when exposed to second-hand smoke.
