Pathophysiology Exam 2 2026 | Practice Questions &
Verified Answers | Comprehensive Pathophysiology
Review
1. What is a common treatment for iron deficiency anemia?
Vitamin B12 injections
Iron supplements
Folic acid
Blood transfusion
2. After birth, red blood cells are normally made in which location?
Kidneys
Spleen
Bone marrow
Liver
3. In a patient with anemia, how might the function of red blood cells be
compromised, and what clinical implications could arise from this
condition?
The function of red blood cells may be compromised due to
reduced hemoglobin levels, leading to decreased oxygen
transport and potential fatigue or organ dysfunction.
The function of red blood cells may be enhanced, leading to
increased oxygen transport and improved energy levels.
The function of red blood cells may be improved by increased
plasma volume, leading to better oxygen delivery.
The function of red blood cells remains unchanged, but the
patient may experience increased fluid retention.
,4. In a patient with a compromised immune system, if monocyte
, differentiation into macrophages is impaired, what might be a potential
consequence?
Decreased blood clotting
Increased susceptibility to infections
Improved wound healing
Enhanced oxygen transport
5. The figure below is of an important molecule for oxygen transport. This
figure shows that _ _.
A. A hemoglobin molecule can bind up to four molecules of
oxygen.
B. Hemoglobin can bind to either oxygen or carbon dioxide.
D. Each iron atom can bind four oxygen molecules.
C. A red blood cell contains four hemoglobin molecules.
6. Describe how the body’s respiratory system compensates for metabolic
acidosis.
The respiratory system increases oxygen intake to balance acid
levels.
The respiratory system decreases breathing to retain carbon
dioxide, which lowers blood pH.
The respiratory system increases the rate of breathing to expel
more carbon dioxide, which helps to raise blood pH.
The respiratory system has no role in compensating for
metabolic acidosis.
7. What is the primary hemodynamic change associated with a reduction in
circulating erythrocytes?
, Increased heart rate
Decreased oxygen delivery to tissues
Increased blood pressure
Decreased blood volume
8. While planning care for a patient with inflammation, which principle will
the nurse remember? The predominant phagocyte of early inflammation
is the:
Macrophage
Eosinophil
Neutrophil
Lymphocyte
9. Which cell type differentiates to form macrophages?
Eosinophils
Basophils
Neutrophils
Mast cell
Monocyte
10. In a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, how would the
bicarbonate buffer system respond to restore acid-base balance?
By increasing bicarbonate levels to neutralize excess
hydrogen ions.
By converting bicarbonate into carbon dioxide for exhalation.
By increasing the production of red blood cells to enhance
oxygen delivery.
Verified Answers | Comprehensive Pathophysiology
Review
1. What is a common treatment for iron deficiency anemia?
Vitamin B12 injections
Iron supplements
Folic acid
Blood transfusion
2. After birth, red blood cells are normally made in which location?
Kidneys
Spleen
Bone marrow
Liver
3. In a patient with anemia, how might the function of red blood cells be
compromised, and what clinical implications could arise from this
condition?
The function of red blood cells may be compromised due to
reduced hemoglobin levels, leading to decreased oxygen
transport and potential fatigue or organ dysfunction.
The function of red blood cells may be enhanced, leading to
increased oxygen transport and improved energy levels.
The function of red blood cells may be improved by increased
plasma volume, leading to better oxygen delivery.
The function of red blood cells remains unchanged, but the
patient may experience increased fluid retention.
,4. In a patient with a compromised immune system, if monocyte
, differentiation into macrophages is impaired, what might be a potential
consequence?
Decreased blood clotting
Increased susceptibility to infections
Improved wound healing
Enhanced oxygen transport
5. The figure below is of an important molecule for oxygen transport. This
figure shows that _ _.
A. A hemoglobin molecule can bind up to four molecules of
oxygen.
B. Hemoglobin can bind to either oxygen or carbon dioxide.
D. Each iron atom can bind four oxygen molecules.
C. A red blood cell contains four hemoglobin molecules.
6. Describe how the body’s respiratory system compensates for metabolic
acidosis.
The respiratory system increases oxygen intake to balance acid
levels.
The respiratory system decreases breathing to retain carbon
dioxide, which lowers blood pH.
The respiratory system increases the rate of breathing to expel
more carbon dioxide, which helps to raise blood pH.
The respiratory system has no role in compensating for
metabolic acidosis.
7. What is the primary hemodynamic change associated with a reduction in
circulating erythrocytes?
, Increased heart rate
Decreased oxygen delivery to tissues
Increased blood pressure
Decreased blood volume
8. While planning care for a patient with inflammation, which principle will
the nurse remember? The predominant phagocyte of early inflammation
is the:
Macrophage
Eosinophil
Neutrophil
Lymphocyte
9. Which cell type differentiates to form macrophages?
Eosinophils
Basophils
Neutrophils
Mast cell
Monocyte
10. In a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, how would the
bicarbonate buffer system respond to restore acid-base balance?
By increasing bicarbonate levels to neutralize excess
hydrogen ions.
By converting bicarbonate into carbon dioxide for exhalation.
By increasing the production of red blood cells to enhance
oxygen delivery.
