Answers | Updated 2026 | Complete Review
• What key concepts should be studied regarding mental health and clinical
interviewing? -✓✓ Key concepts include depression screening, the FIFE model,
reflection, summarization, empathy, and open-ended questions.
• What is the FIFE model? -✓✓ The FIFE model stands for Feelings, Ideas,
Function, and Expectations, used to understand a patient's perspective.
• What are red flags in depression screening? -✓✓ Red flags include withdrawal,
appetite changes, and quitting activities. Suicide screening tools like PHQ-9 should
be used.
• What is the significance of a fixed split S2 heart sound? -✓✓ A fixed split S2 is
heard in both inspiration and expiration and may indicate underlying cardiac
issues.
• What are the symptoms of aortic stenosis? -✓✓ Symptoms include syncope,
angina, and dyspnea.
• What does elevated jugular venous pressure (JVP) indicate? -✓✓ Elevated JVP
can indicate heart failure or other cardiovascular conditions.
• What is pulsus paradoxus? -✓✓ Pulsus paradoxus is a drop in blood pressure
during inhalation, often associated with conditions like cardiac tamponade.
• What is egophony? -✓✓ Egophony is a change in voice sounds during
auscultation where 'E' sounds like 'A', indicating lung pathology.