AC HPAT PHYSICS 2026 MOTION WAVES AND
ENERGY STUDY GUIDE FULL PAPER AND
ANSWERS
◉ instantaneous speed.
Answer: the speed of an object at one instant of time
◉ average speed.
Answer: total distance divided by total time
◉ Newton's first law ( Aka Law of Inertia).
Answer: "An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion
will remain in motion unless acted upon by some external net force."
A rock for example will remain at rest, it won't start spontaneously
moving. An object in motion, that does not encounter any friction
will keep moving, like an object floating in space.
◉ Newton's Second Law.
Answer: Force = mass x acceleration ( F=ma)
,To find acceleration: A= F/ m
" the acceleration an object experiences is directly proportional to
the applied force and inversely ( in the opposite manner)
proportional to its mass.
◉ Newton's Third Law.
Answer: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
As a car hits a wall, it's force is applied to the wall but the force of the
wall also acts on the car.
Remember, there can never be a single isolated force, forces always
come in pairs.
◉ coefficient of friction.
Answer: the ratio of the force of friction to the normal force acting
between two objects. When you find a coefficient of friction, you're
calculating the resistance to motion at the interface of two surfaces
of similar or dissimilar materials.
( a brick sliding on a clean wooden table, the coefficient of kinetic
friction is about 0.5)
◉ Torque.
, Answer: a turning or twisting force. Represented by T
Formula: T=Fd
◉ mechanical advantage.
Answer: the ratio of the force that performs the useful work of a
machine to the force that is applied to the machine. the number of
times a machine increases a force exerted on it
◉ work input.
Answer: Work input is the amount of energy supplied to the
machine. Example- The work done to hold the sugar piece by sugar
tongs is the work input. Work input may be defined as the product of
the effort force applied to a machine and the distance through which
the force is applied. Work input is given to the machine to get
desired work.
◉ work output.
Answer: In physics, work output is the work done by a simple
machine, compound machine, or any type of engine model.
◉ direct current.
Answer: an electric current that flows in one direction steadily
ENERGY STUDY GUIDE FULL PAPER AND
ANSWERS
◉ instantaneous speed.
Answer: the speed of an object at one instant of time
◉ average speed.
Answer: total distance divided by total time
◉ Newton's first law ( Aka Law of Inertia).
Answer: "An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion
will remain in motion unless acted upon by some external net force."
A rock for example will remain at rest, it won't start spontaneously
moving. An object in motion, that does not encounter any friction
will keep moving, like an object floating in space.
◉ Newton's Second Law.
Answer: Force = mass x acceleration ( F=ma)
,To find acceleration: A= F/ m
" the acceleration an object experiences is directly proportional to
the applied force and inversely ( in the opposite manner)
proportional to its mass.
◉ Newton's Third Law.
Answer: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
As a car hits a wall, it's force is applied to the wall but the force of the
wall also acts on the car.
Remember, there can never be a single isolated force, forces always
come in pairs.
◉ coefficient of friction.
Answer: the ratio of the force of friction to the normal force acting
between two objects. When you find a coefficient of friction, you're
calculating the resistance to motion at the interface of two surfaces
of similar or dissimilar materials.
( a brick sliding on a clean wooden table, the coefficient of kinetic
friction is about 0.5)
◉ Torque.
, Answer: a turning or twisting force. Represented by T
Formula: T=Fd
◉ mechanical advantage.
Answer: the ratio of the force that performs the useful work of a
machine to the force that is applied to the machine. the number of
times a machine increases a force exerted on it
◉ work input.
Answer: Work input is the amount of energy supplied to the
machine. Example- The work done to hold the sugar piece by sugar
tongs is the work input. Work input may be defined as the product of
the effort force applied to a machine and the distance through which
the force is applied. Work input is given to the machine to get
desired work.
◉ work output.
Answer: In physics, work output is the work done by a simple
machine, compound machine, or any type of engine model.
◉ direct current.
Answer: an electric current that flows in one direction steadily
