NURSl 5315/l NURS5315l Examl 2l (NEWl
2026l Update)l Advancedl Pathophysiologyl
Reviewl |l Questionsl &l Answersl |l Gradel
A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l
UTA
QUESTION
Whichl characteristicl describesl macrocyticl anemia?
a.l l Smalll celll size
b.l l Decreasedl celll thickness
c.l l Causedl byl increasedl folate
d.l l Presencel ofl megaloblasts
Answer:
d.l l Presencel ofl megaloblastsl
Thel macrocyticl anemiasl arel characterizedl byl unusuallyl largel steml cellsl (megaloblasts)l
inl thel marrowl thatl maturel intol unusuallyl largel cellsl (macrocytes)l inl thel circulation.l
Thesel cellsl havel increasedl size,l thickness,l andl volume.l Thesel anemiasl arel thel resultl ofl
defectivel erythrocytel deoxyribonucleicl acidl (DNA)l synthesis,l whichl isl commonlyl causedl
byl deficienciesl ofl vitaminl B12l (cobalamin)l orl folatel (folicl acid)l orl defectivel coenzymesl
thatl arel requiredl forl nuclearl maturationl andl DNAl synthesis.l
QUESTION
Regardingl perniciousl anemia,l whichl isl al truel statement?
a.l l Itl isl al rarel forml ofl megaloblasticl anemia.l
b.l l Itl isl associatedl withl end-stagel typel Al chronicl atrophicl gastritis.l
c.l l Itl hasl al virall origin.l
d.l l Itl hasl al meanl agel ofl onsetl ofl 6l years.l
Answer:
b.l l Itl isl associatedl withl end-stagel typel Al chronicl atrophicl gastritis.l
,Perniciousl anemial isl thel mostl commonl typel ofl megaloblasticl anemial andl isl causedl byl
vitaminl B12l deficiency,l whichl isl oftenl associatedl withl thel end-stagel typel Al chronicl
atrophicl (congenitall orl autoimmune)l gastritis.l Itl generallyl occursl inl olderl adultsl withl al
meanl agel ofl onsetl ofl 60l years.l
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel terml forl al reductionl inl redl bloodl cells,l whitel bloodl cells,l andl platelets?
a.l l Aplasticl anemia
b.l l Hereditaryl hemochromatosis
c.l l Myelodysplasticl syndrome
d.l l Sideroblasticl anemia
Answer:
a.l l Aplasticl anemia
Aplasticl anemial occursl withl pancytopenia,l whichl isl al decreasel inl alll threel celll types.l
Hereditaryl hemochromatosisl (HH)l isl al commonl inherited,l autosomall recessivel disorderl
ofl ironl metabolisml andl isl characterizedl byl increasedl gastrointestinall ironl absorptionl
withl subsequentl tissuel iron.l Myelodysplasticl syndromel isl al groupl ofl disordersl thatl
demonstratel hematopoieticl steml celll dysfunction.l Al defectl ofl mitochondriall hemel
synthesisl causesl sideroblasticl anemia.l
QUESTION
Whichl statementl isl truel regardingl posthemorrhagicl anemia?
a.l l Al healthyl personl canl toleratel al lossl ofl 2000l mLl ofl bloodl withoutl symptoms.l
b.l l Posthemorrhagicl anemial isl al normocytic-normochromicl anemial causedl byl acutel
bloodl loss.l
c.l l Al commonl symptoml ofl posthemorrhagicl anemial isl hypertension.l
d.l l Posthemorrhagicl anemial isl associatedl withl anl increasel inl thel venousl return.l
Answer:
b.l l Posthemorrhagicl anemial isl al normocytic-normochromicl anemial causedl byl acutel
bloodl loss.l
Posthemorrhagicl anemial isl al normocytic-normochromicl anemial causedl byl acutel bloodl
loss.l Initiall manifestationsl ofl thisl eventl dependl onl thel severityl ofl thel bloodl loss.l Whenl
,bloodl lossl exceedsl 1500l mL,l symptomsl arel apparent,l evenl inl al recumbentl position.l
Volumel lossl reducesl meanl systemicl fillingl pressure,l resultingl inl decreasedl venousl returnl
andl hypotension.l
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel causel ofl Fanconil anemia?
a.l l Defectl inl DNAl repair
b.l l Defectl inl mitochondriall mechanisms
c.l l Defectl inl porphyrinl synthesis
d.l l Thymoma
Answer:
a.l l Defectl inl DNAl repair
Defectsl inl DNAl repairl causel Fanconil anemia.l Thisl anemial developsl earlyl inl lifel andl
occursl mostl frequentlyl inl thosel withl multiplel congenitall anomalies.l Defectsl inl
mitochondriall mechanismsl arel consistentl withl sideroblasticl anemia.l Thymomal isl
associatedl withl purel redl celll aplasia.l Defectsl inl porphyrinl synthesisl arel associatedl withl
microcytic-hypochromicl anemia.l
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel mostl commonl forml ofl autoimmunel hemolyticl anemia?
a.l l Warml antibody
b.l l Coldl agglutinin
c.l l Coldl hemolysins
d.l l Paroxysmall coldl hemoglobinuria
Answer:
a.l l Warml antibody
Warml antibodyl isl immunoglobulinl Gl (IgG)l mediated,l isl thel mostl common,l andl occursl
inl individualsl olderl thanl 40l yearsl ofl age.l Coldl agglutininl isl lessl common,l isl mediatedl
byl immunoglobulinl Ml (IgM),l andl affectsl olderl women.l Coldl hemolysinl isl al rarel
disorderl involvingl IgGl andl canl resultl inl massivel intravascularl hemolysis.l Paroxysmall
coldl hemoglobinurial isl anotherl namel forl thel coldl hemolysinl typel ofl anemia.l
, QUESTION
Whichl statementl isl truel concerningl drug-inducedl anemia?
a.l l Drug-inducedl anemial isl al forml ofl immunel hemolyticl anemia.l
b.l l Drug-inducedl anemial isl anl allergicl reactionl againstl largel molecularl drugs.l
c.l l Rarelyl doesl cessationl ofl thel drugl resolvel thel anemia.l
d.l l Anemial occursl withinl hoursl ofl thel exposurel tol thel drug.l
Answer:
a.l l Drug-inducedl anemial isl al forml ofl immunel hemolyticl anemia.l
Drug-inducedl hemolyticl anemial isl al forml ofl immunel hemolyticl anemial froml anl allergicl
reactionl againstl foreignl antigensl (antibiotics).l Usuallyl thel drugl isl smalll molecularl
weightl andl functionsl asl al haptenl thatl bindsl tol proteinsl onl thel surfacel ofl anl
erythrocyte.l Cessationl ofl administrationl ofl thel drugl resultsl inl rapidl resolutionl ofl thel
anemia.l Thisl forml ofl drug-inducedl anemial occursl 1-2l weeksl afterl exposurel tol thel
antibiotic.l
QUESTION
Whichl illnessl isl thel mostl commonl causel ofl aplasticl crisis?
a.l l Typel Al influenzal virus
b.l l Varicellal zoster
c.l l Humanl parvovirusl B19
d.l l Chronicl myeloidl leukemia
Answer:
c.l l Humanl parvovirusl B19
Humanl parvovirusl B19l isl thel mostl commonl causel ofl aplasticl crisis.l
QUESTION
Whatl arel thel commonl causesl ofl anemia?l (Selectl alll thatl apply.l )
a.l l Impairedl production
b.l l Bloodl transfusion
c.l l Increasedl redl celll destruction
d.l l Severel bleeding
e.l l Chronicl bloodl loss
2026l Update)l Advancedl Pathophysiologyl
Reviewl |l Questionsl &l Answersl |l Gradel
A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l
UTA
QUESTION
Whichl characteristicl describesl macrocyticl anemia?
a.l l Smalll celll size
b.l l Decreasedl celll thickness
c.l l Causedl byl increasedl folate
d.l l Presencel ofl megaloblasts
Answer:
d.l l Presencel ofl megaloblastsl
Thel macrocyticl anemiasl arel characterizedl byl unusuallyl largel steml cellsl (megaloblasts)l
inl thel marrowl thatl maturel intol unusuallyl largel cellsl (macrocytes)l inl thel circulation.l
Thesel cellsl havel increasedl size,l thickness,l andl volume.l Thesel anemiasl arel thel resultl ofl
defectivel erythrocytel deoxyribonucleicl acidl (DNA)l synthesis,l whichl isl commonlyl causedl
byl deficienciesl ofl vitaminl B12l (cobalamin)l orl folatel (folicl acid)l orl defectivel coenzymesl
thatl arel requiredl forl nuclearl maturationl andl DNAl synthesis.l
QUESTION
Regardingl perniciousl anemia,l whichl isl al truel statement?
a.l l Itl isl al rarel forml ofl megaloblasticl anemia.l
b.l l Itl isl associatedl withl end-stagel typel Al chronicl atrophicl gastritis.l
c.l l Itl hasl al virall origin.l
d.l l Itl hasl al meanl agel ofl onsetl ofl 6l years.l
Answer:
b.l l Itl isl associatedl withl end-stagel typel Al chronicl atrophicl gastritis.l
,Perniciousl anemial isl thel mostl commonl typel ofl megaloblasticl anemial andl isl causedl byl
vitaminl B12l deficiency,l whichl isl oftenl associatedl withl thel end-stagel typel Al chronicl
atrophicl (congenitall orl autoimmune)l gastritis.l Itl generallyl occursl inl olderl adultsl withl al
meanl agel ofl onsetl ofl 60l years.l
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel terml forl al reductionl inl redl bloodl cells,l whitel bloodl cells,l andl platelets?
a.l l Aplasticl anemia
b.l l Hereditaryl hemochromatosis
c.l l Myelodysplasticl syndrome
d.l l Sideroblasticl anemia
Answer:
a.l l Aplasticl anemia
Aplasticl anemial occursl withl pancytopenia,l whichl isl al decreasel inl alll threel celll types.l
Hereditaryl hemochromatosisl (HH)l isl al commonl inherited,l autosomall recessivel disorderl
ofl ironl metabolisml andl isl characterizedl byl increasedl gastrointestinall ironl absorptionl
withl subsequentl tissuel iron.l Myelodysplasticl syndromel isl al groupl ofl disordersl thatl
demonstratel hematopoieticl steml celll dysfunction.l Al defectl ofl mitochondriall hemel
synthesisl causesl sideroblasticl anemia.l
QUESTION
Whichl statementl isl truel regardingl posthemorrhagicl anemia?
a.l l Al healthyl personl canl toleratel al lossl ofl 2000l mLl ofl bloodl withoutl symptoms.l
b.l l Posthemorrhagicl anemial isl al normocytic-normochromicl anemial causedl byl acutel
bloodl loss.l
c.l l Al commonl symptoml ofl posthemorrhagicl anemial isl hypertension.l
d.l l Posthemorrhagicl anemial isl associatedl withl anl increasel inl thel venousl return.l
Answer:
b.l l Posthemorrhagicl anemial isl al normocytic-normochromicl anemial causedl byl acutel
bloodl loss.l
Posthemorrhagicl anemial isl al normocytic-normochromicl anemial causedl byl acutel bloodl
loss.l Initiall manifestationsl ofl thisl eventl dependl onl thel severityl ofl thel bloodl loss.l Whenl
,bloodl lossl exceedsl 1500l mL,l symptomsl arel apparent,l evenl inl al recumbentl position.l
Volumel lossl reducesl meanl systemicl fillingl pressure,l resultingl inl decreasedl venousl returnl
andl hypotension.l
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel causel ofl Fanconil anemia?
a.l l Defectl inl DNAl repair
b.l l Defectl inl mitochondriall mechanisms
c.l l Defectl inl porphyrinl synthesis
d.l l Thymoma
Answer:
a.l l Defectl inl DNAl repair
Defectsl inl DNAl repairl causel Fanconil anemia.l Thisl anemial developsl earlyl inl lifel andl
occursl mostl frequentlyl inl thosel withl multiplel congenitall anomalies.l Defectsl inl
mitochondriall mechanismsl arel consistentl withl sideroblasticl anemia.l Thymomal isl
associatedl withl purel redl celll aplasia.l Defectsl inl porphyrinl synthesisl arel associatedl withl
microcytic-hypochromicl anemia.l
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel mostl commonl forml ofl autoimmunel hemolyticl anemia?
a.l l Warml antibody
b.l l Coldl agglutinin
c.l l Coldl hemolysins
d.l l Paroxysmall coldl hemoglobinuria
Answer:
a.l l Warml antibody
Warml antibodyl isl immunoglobulinl Gl (IgG)l mediated,l isl thel mostl common,l andl occursl
inl individualsl olderl thanl 40l yearsl ofl age.l Coldl agglutininl isl lessl common,l isl mediatedl
byl immunoglobulinl Ml (IgM),l andl affectsl olderl women.l Coldl hemolysinl isl al rarel
disorderl involvingl IgGl andl canl resultl inl massivel intravascularl hemolysis.l Paroxysmall
coldl hemoglobinurial isl anotherl namel forl thel coldl hemolysinl typel ofl anemia.l
, QUESTION
Whichl statementl isl truel concerningl drug-inducedl anemia?
a.l l Drug-inducedl anemial isl al forml ofl immunel hemolyticl anemia.l
b.l l Drug-inducedl anemial isl anl allergicl reactionl againstl largel molecularl drugs.l
c.l l Rarelyl doesl cessationl ofl thel drugl resolvel thel anemia.l
d.l l Anemial occursl withinl hoursl ofl thel exposurel tol thel drug.l
Answer:
a.l l Drug-inducedl anemial isl al forml ofl immunel hemolyticl anemia.l
Drug-inducedl hemolyticl anemial isl al forml ofl immunel hemolyticl anemial froml anl allergicl
reactionl againstl foreignl antigensl (antibiotics).l Usuallyl thel drugl isl smalll molecularl
weightl andl functionsl asl al haptenl thatl bindsl tol proteinsl onl thel surfacel ofl anl
erythrocyte.l Cessationl ofl administrationl ofl thel drugl resultsl inl rapidl resolutionl ofl thel
anemia.l Thisl forml ofl drug-inducedl anemial occursl 1-2l weeksl afterl exposurel tol thel
antibiotic.l
QUESTION
Whichl illnessl isl thel mostl commonl causel ofl aplasticl crisis?
a.l l Typel Al influenzal virus
b.l l Varicellal zoster
c.l l Humanl parvovirusl B19
d.l l Chronicl myeloidl leukemia
Answer:
c.l l Humanl parvovirusl B19
Humanl parvovirusl B19l isl thel mostl commonl causel ofl aplasticl crisis.l
QUESTION
Whatl arel thel commonl causesl ofl anemia?l (Selectl alll thatl apply.l )
a.l l Impairedl production
b.l l Bloodl transfusion
c.l l Increasedl redl celll destruction
d.l l Severel bleeding
e.l l Chronicl bloodl loss
