NURSl 5315/l NURS5315l Examl 3l (NEWl
2026l Update)l Advancedl Pathophysiologyl
Reviewl |l Questionsl &l Answersl |l Gradel
A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l
UTA
QUESTION
Whichl structuresl arel majorl accessoryl musclesl ofl respiration?l (Selectl alll thatl apply.l )
a.l Sternocleidomastoid
b.l Scalene
c.l Diaphragm
d.l Externall intercostals
e.l Trapezius
Answer:
c.l Diaphragm
d.l Externall intercostals
Thel twol majorl musclesl ofl respirationl arel thel diaphragml andl thel externall intercostals.l
Thel sternocleidomastoidl andl scalenel arel accessoryl muscles.l Thel trapeziusl isl al large,l
superficiall musclel thatl spansl thel neck,l shoulders,l andl back.l
QUESTION
Whichl alterationsl involvedl withl agingl arel consideredl normal?l (Selectl alll thatl apply.l )
a.l Relaxationl ofl chestl walll muscles
b.l Increasedl flowl resistance
c.l Alterationsl inl gasl exchange
d.l Lossl ofl recoil
Answer:
b.l Increasedl flowl resistance
c.l Alterationsl inl gasl exchange
,d.l Lossl ofl recoil
Normall alterationsl involvedl inl agingl includel increasesl inl flowl resistance,l alterationsl inl
gasl exchange,l stiffeningl ofl thel chestl wall,l andl lossl ofl elasticl recoil.l
QUESTION
Whichl illnessl isl al typel ofl liquefactivel necrosis?
a.l Diphtheria
b.l Abscess
c.l Croup
d.l Epiglottitis
Answer:
b.l Abscess
Anl abscessl isl al circumscribedl areal ofl suppurationl andl destructionl ofl lungl parenchymal
andl isl al typel ofl liquefactivel necrosis.l Abscessl formationl followsl consolidationl ofl lungl
tissue,l inl whichl inflammationl causesl alveolil tol filll withl fluid,l pus,l andl microorganisms.l
Diphtherial causesl sorel throatl andl dysphagia.l Bilaterall swellingl ofl thel tonsilsl isl usuallyl
involved,l withl al tenaciousl membranel coveringl thel mucosa.l Diphtherial isl notl commonl
becausel ofl immunization.l Croupl isl causedl byl al virusl andl generallyl producesl al barkingl
cough.l Generally,l bacterial causesl epiglottitisl withl accompanyingl highl fever,l drooling,l
andl inspiratoryl stridor.l Epiglottitisl isl alsol decliningl becausel ofl immunization.l
QUESTION
Whichl statementl isl truel regardingl bronchiolitis?
a.l Bronchiolitisl isl mostl commonl inl adults.l
b.l Bronchiolitisl isl contained.l
c.l Respiratoryl distressl developsl withinl 24-72l hours.l
d.l Bronchiolitisl causesl lungl dilation.l
Answer:
c.l Respiratoryl distressl developsl withinl 24-72l hours.l
Inl bronchiolitisl respiratoryl distressl withl severel hypoxial frequentlyl developsl withinl 24-72l
hours.l Infiltratesl canl bel seenl onl chestl radiographs.l Bronchiolitisl isl diffusel andl isl morel
,commonl inl children.l Al decreasel inl minutel ventilationl withl resultingl carbonl dioxidel
retentionl mayl occurl asl lungl restrictionl worsensl inl bronchiolitis.l
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel appropriatel terml forl inadequatel alveolarl ventilationl inl relationl tol metabolicl
demands?
a.l Hyperpnea
b.l Hypoventilation
c.l Orthopnea
d.l Dyspnea
Answer:
b.l Hypoventilation
Hypoventilationl isl inadequatel ventilationl inl relationl tol metabolicl demands.l Hyperpneal isl
rapidl breathing.l Orthopneal isl difficultyl breathingl whenl anl individuall isl lyingl flat.l
Dyspneal isl difficultyl breathing.l
QUESTION
Al personl hasl respirationsl thatl arel characterizedl byl alternatingl periodsl ofl deepl andl
shallowl breathingl andl apnea.l Whatl isl thel appropriatel terml forl thisl breathing?
a.l Cheyne-Stokes
b.l Hypoventilation
c.l Kussmaul
d.l Hyperpnea
Answer:
a.l Cheyne-Stokes
Alternatingl periodsl ofl deepl andl shallowl breathingl andl apneal characterizel Cheyne-Stokesl
respirations.l Anl increasedl ventilatoryl rate,l largel tidall volumes,l andl nol expiratoryl pausel
characterizel Kussmaull respirations.l Hypoventilationl isl inadequatel alveolarl ventilation.l
Hyperpneal isl rapidl ventilation.l
QUESTION
, Whichl isl thel mostl commonl causel ofl pulmonaryl edema?
a.l Inhalationl ofl toxicl gases
b.l Heartl disease
c.l Pulmonaryl hypertension
d.l Acutel respiratoryl distressl syndromel (ARDS)
Answer:
b.l Heartl disease
Thel mostl commonl causel ofl pulmonaryl edemal isl heartl disease.l Toxicl gasl inhalation,l
pulmonaryl hypertension,l andl ARDSl arel alsol causesl ofl pulmonaryl edemal butl arel notl asl
commonl asl pulmonaryl edemal froml heartl disease.l
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel terml usedl tol describel al respiratoryl infectionl thatl resultsl inl pusl inl thel
pleurall space?
a.l Abscess
b.l Consolidation
c.l Empyema
d.l Transudate
Answer:
c.l Empyema
Empyemal isl terml usedl tol describel thel presencel ofl pusl inl thel pleurall spacel andl isl al
complicationl ofl respiratoryl infection.l Abscessl isl al circumscribedl areal ofl suppurationl andl
destructionl ofl lungl parenchyma.l Al consolidationl isl inflamedl lungl tissuel thatl causesl thel
alveolil tol filll withl exudate.l Transudatel isl thel presencel ofl fluidl withl lowl proteinl
contentl residingl inl thel pleurall space.l
QUESTION
Whichl statementl isl truel regardingl acutel respiratoryl distressl syndromel (ARDS)?
a.l Infectionl rarelyl causesl ARDS.l
b.l Esophageall injuryl canl causel ARDS.l
c.l ARDSl canl triggerl severel pulmonaryl edema.l
d.l Macrophagesl arel notl involvedl inl thel response.l
2026l Update)l Advancedl Pathophysiologyl
Reviewl |l Questionsl &l Answersl |l Gradel
A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l
UTA
QUESTION
Whichl structuresl arel majorl accessoryl musclesl ofl respiration?l (Selectl alll thatl apply.l )
a.l Sternocleidomastoid
b.l Scalene
c.l Diaphragm
d.l Externall intercostals
e.l Trapezius
Answer:
c.l Diaphragm
d.l Externall intercostals
Thel twol majorl musclesl ofl respirationl arel thel diaphragml andl thel externall intercostals.l
Thel sternocleidomastoidl andl scalenel arel accessoryl muscles.l Thel trapeziusl isl al large,l
superficiall musclel thatl spansl thel neck,l shoulders,l andl back.l
QUESTION
Whichl alterationsl involvedl withl agingl arel consideredl normal?l (Selectl alll thatl apply.l )
a.l Relaxationl ofl chestl walll muscles
b.l Increasedl flowl resistance
c.l Alterationsl inl gasl exchange
d.l Lossl ofl recoil
Answer:
b.l Increasedl flowl resistance
c.l Alterationsl inl gasl exchange
,d.l Lossl ofl recoil
Normall alterationsl involvedl inl agingl includel increasesl inl flowl resistance,l alterationsl inl
gasl exchange,l stiffeningl ofl thel chestl wall,l andl lossl ofl elasticl recoil.l
QUESTION
Whichl illnessl isl al typel ofl liquefactivel necrosis?
a.l Diphtheria
b.l Abscess
c.l Croup
d.l Epiglottitis
Answer:
b.l Abscess
Anl abscessl isl al circumscribedl areal ofl suppurationl andl destructionl ofl lungl parenchymal
andl isl al typel ofl liquefactivel necrosis.l Abscessl formationl followsl consolidationl ofl lungl
tissue,l inl whichl inflammationl causesl alveolil tol filll withl fluid,l pus,l andl microorganisms.l
Diphtherial causesl sorel throatl andl dysphagia.l Bilaterall swellingl ofl thel tonsilsl isl usuallyl
involved,l withl al tenaciousl membranel coveringl thel mucosa.l Diphtherial isl notl commonl
becausel ofl immunization.l Croupl isl causedl byl al virusl andl generallyl producesl al barkingl
cough.l Generally,l bacterial causesl epiglottitisl withl accompanyingl highl fever,l drooling,l
andl inspiratoryl stridor.l Epiglottitisl isl alsol decliningl becausel ofl immunization.l
QUESTION
Whichl statementl isl truel regardingl bronchiolitis?
a.l Bronchiolitisl isl mostl commonl inl adults.l
b.l Bronchiolitisl isl contained.l
c.l Respiratoryl distressl developsl withinl 24-72l hours.l
d.l Bronchiolitisl causesl lungl dilation.l
Answer:
c.l Respiratoryl distressl developsl withinl 24-72l hours.l
Inl bronchiolitisl respiratoryl distressl withl severel hypoxial frequentlyl developsl withinl 24-72l
hours.l Infiltratesl canl bel seenl onl chestl radiographs.l Bronchiolitisl isl diffusel andl isl morel
,commonl inl children.l Al decreasel inl minutel ventilationl withl resultingl carbonl dioxidel
retentionl mayl occurl asl lungl restrictionl worsensl inl bronchiolitis.l
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel appropriatel terml forl inadequatel alveolarl ventilationl inl relationl tol metabolicl
demands?
a.l Hyperpnea
b.l Hypoventilation
c.l Orthopnea
d.l Dyspnea
Answer:
b.l Hypoventilation
Hypoventilationl isl inadequatel ventilationl inl relationl tol metabolicl demands.l Hyperpneal isl
rapidl breathing.l Orthopneal isl difficultyl breathingl whenl anl individuall isl lyingl flat.l
Dyspneal isl difficultyl breathing.l
QUESTION
Al personl hasl respirationsl thatl arel characterizedl byl alternatingl periodsl ofl deepl andl
shallowl breathingl andl apnea.l Whatl isl thel appropriatel terml forl thisl breathing?
a.l Cheyne-Stokes
b.l Hypoventilation
c.l Kussmaul
d.l Hyperpnea
Answer:
a.l Cheyne-Stokes
Alternatingl periodsl ofl deepl andl shallowl breathingl andl apneal characterizel Cheyne-Stokesl
respirations.l Anl increasedl ventilatoryl rate,l largel tidall volumes,l andl nol expiratoryl pausel
characterizel Kussmaull respirations.l Hypoventilationl isl inadequatel alveolarl ventilation.l
Hyperpneal isl rapidl ventilation.l
QUESTION
, Whichl isl thel mostl commonl causel ofl pulmonaryl edema?
a.l Inhalationl ofl toxicl gases
b.l Heartl disease
c.l Pulmonaryl hypertension
d.l Acutel respiratoryl distressl syndromel (ARDS)
Answer:
b.l Heartl disease
Thel mostl commonl causel ofl pulmonaryl edemal isl heartl disease.l Toxicl gasl inhalation,l
pulmonaryl hypertension,l andl ARDSl arel alsol causesl ofl pulmonaryl edemal butl arel notl asl
commonl asl pulmonaryl edemal froml heartl disease.l
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel terml usedl tol describel al respiratoryl infectionl thatl resultsl inl pusl inl thel
pleurall space?
a.l Abscess
b.l Consolidation
c.l Empyema
d.l Transudate
Answer:
c.l Empyema
Empyemal isl terml usedl tol describel thel presencel ofl pusl inl thel pleurall spacel andl isl al
complicationl ofl respiratoryl infection.l Abscessl isl al circumscribedl areal ofl suppurationl andl
destructionl ofl lungl parenchyma.l Al consolidationl isl inflamedl lungl tissuel thatl causesl thel
alveolil tol filll withl exudate.l Transudatel isl thel presencel ofl fluidl withl lowl proteinl
contentl residingl inl thel pleurall space.l
QUESTION
Whichl statementl isl truel regardingl acutel respiratoryl distressl syndromel (ARDS)?
a.l Infectionl rarelyl causesl ARDS.l
b.l Esophageall injuryl canl causel ARDS.l
c.l ARDSl canl triggerl severel pulmonaryl edema.l
d.l Macrophagesl arel notl involvedl inl thel response.l
