WGU PATHOPHYSIOLOGY D236 FINAL EXAMS 2026-
2027 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔types of anemia - ✔✔- Aplastic (decreased or missing RBC production)
- Iron Deficiency
- Folic Acid Deficiency
- Vitamin B12 Deficiency/Pernicious
- Hemolytic (breakdown of RBCs faster than produced)
- Sickle Cell (RBCs die too early, shortage of RBCs)
✔✔Where does cancer originate from in leukemia? - ✔✔bone marrow
✔✔CD4 cells - ✔✔Helper T cells that mature in thymus that active B cells to create
immunity
✔✔Hodgkin's lymphoma - ✔✔distinguished from other lymphomas by the presence of
large, cancerous lymphocytes known as Reed-Sternberg cells
✔✔Lymphocytosis - ✔✔abnormal increase in lymphocytes, asymptomatic
✔✔Stable angina - ✔✔predictable and consistent pain that occurs on exertion and is
relieved by rest and/or nitroglycerin
✔✔Upper respiratory tract infection - ✔✔common cold, laryngitis, croup, pharyngitis,
rhinitis, sinusitis, and tonsillitis
✔✔lower respiratory tract infection - ✔✔pneumonia, bronchitis, tuberculosis
✔✔conditions that lead to COPD - ✔✔smoking, asthma, dust, chemicals, genetics
✔✔pnemonia - ✔✔an inflammation in the lung caused by infection from bacteria,
viruses, fungi, or parasites, or resulting from aspiration of chemicals. Hear crackles and
rhonchi.
✔✔Asthma - ✔✔treatment resistant bronchospasm, same category of COPD
✔✔pneumothorax - ✔✔air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or
chest wall
✔✔cor pulmonale - ✔✔right-sided heart failure arising from chronic lung disease
✔✔Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis - ✔✔Carbon dust, seen in coal miners. Massive
exposure leads to diffuse fibrosis('black lung')
, ✔✔common characteristics of chronic digestive system disorders - ✔✔(Celiac, Chron's,
Colitis...) Abdominal pain, weight loss, changes in urination/bowel movements,
bleeding, diarrhea, n/v....
✔✔common characteristics of acute digestive system disorders - ✔✔(GERD, IBS, Hiatal
hernia...) Abd pain, bleeding, bloating, diarrhea, heartburn, n/v
✔✔pyelonephritis - ✔✔Inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney; caused by bacterial
infection (commonly E. Coli)
✔✔glomerulonephritis - ✔✔inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys from injury or
illness
✔✔renal calculi (kidney stones) - ✔✔-Minerals in urine crystallize
-Most can pass, but some become too big and obstruct a ureter
✔✔renal cell carcinoma - ✔✔cancerous tumor that arises from kidney tubule cells; flank
pain, hematuria, abd lump
✔✔end-stage renal disease (ESRD) - ✔✔any type of kidney disease in which there is
little or no remaining kidney function, requiring the patient to undergo dialysis or kidney
transplant for survival. Symptoms: n/v, fatigue, change in urination, chest pain, HTN,
AMS
✔✔Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) - ✔✔method used to replace
normal kidney function by circulating the patient's blood through a hemofilter and
returning it to the patient. benefit over other dialysis - happens 24 hrs/ day > slower shift
in electrolytes
✔✔ulcerative colitis - ✔✔chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers -
autoimmune and inflammatory bowel diseases
✔✔Diverticulitis - ✔✔inflammation of a diverticulum, especially in the colon, causing
pain and disturbance of bowel function. Relieved by bowel movement, advise against
enema and colonoscopy.
✔✔organ targeted by virus that causes hep c - ✔✔liver
✔✔Hepatisis A,B,C,D,E spreads - ✔✔A and E - fecal/oral
BCD - blood, bodily fluids
✔✔Cholecystitis - ✔✔inflammation of the gallbladder; usually associated with gallstones
(RUQ pain radiates to back)
2027 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔types of anemia - ✔✔- Aplastic (decreased or missing RBC production)
- Iron Deficiency
- Folic Acid Deficiency
- Vitamin B12 Deficiency/Pernicious
- Hemolytic (breakdown of RBCs faster than produced)
- Sickle Cell (RBCs die too early, shortage of RBCs)
✔✔Where does cancer originate from in leukemia? - ✔✔bone marrow
✔✔CD4 cells - ✔✔Helper T cells that mature in thymus that active B cells to create
immunity
✔✔Hodgkin's lymphoma - ✔✔distinguished from other lymphomas by the presence of
large, cancerous lymphocytes known as Reed-Sternberg cells
✔✔Lymphocytosis - ✔✔abnormal increase in lymphocytes, asymptomatic
✔✔Stable angina - ✔✔predictable and consistent pain that occurs on exertion and is
relieved by rest and/or nitroglycerin
✔✔Upper respiratory tract infection - ✔✔common cold, laryngitis, croup, pharyngitis,
rhinitis, sinusitis, and tonsillitis
✔✔lower respiratory tract infection - ✔✔pneumonia, bronchitis, tuberculosis
✔✔conditions that lead to COPD - ✔✔smoking, asthma, dust, chemicals, genetics
✔✔pnemonia - ✔✔an inflammation in the lung caused by infection from bacteria,
viruses, fungi, or parasites, or resulting from aspiration of chemicals. Hear crackles and
rhonchi.
✔✔Asthma - ✔✔treatment resistant bronchospasm, same category of COPD
✔✔pneumothorax - ✔✔air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or
chest wall
✔✔cor pulmonale - ✔✔right-sided heart failure arising from chronic lung disease
✔✔Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis - ✔✔Carbon dust, seen in coal miners. Massive
exposure leads to diffuse fibrosis('black lung')
, ✔✔common characteristics of chronic digestive system disorders - ✔✔(Celiac, Chron's,
Colitis...) Abdominal pain, weight loss, changes in urination/bowel movements,
bleeding, diarrhea, n/v....
✔✔common characteristics of acute digestive system disorders - ✔✔(GERD, IBS, Hiatal
hernia...) Abd pain, bleeding, bloating, diarrhea, heartburn, n/v
✔✔pyelonephritis - ✔✔Inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney; caused by bacterial
infection (commonly E. Coli)
✔✔glomerulonephritis - ✔✔inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys from injury or
illness
✔✔renal calculi (kidney stones) - ✔✔-Minerals in urine crystallize
-Most can pass, but some become too big and obstruct a ureter
✔✔renal cell carcinoma - ✔✔cancerous tumor that arises from kidney tubule cells; flank
pain, hematuria, abd lump
✔✔end-stage renal disease (ESRD) - ✔✔any type of kidney disease in which there is
little or no remaining kidney function, requiring the patient to undergo dialysis or kidney
transplant for survival. Symptoms: n/v, fatigue, change in urination, chest pain, HTN,
AMS
✔✔Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) - ✔✔method used to replace
normal kidney function by circulating the patient's blood through a hemofilter and
returning it to the patient. benefit over other dialysis - happens 24 hrs/ day > slower shift
in electrolytes
✔✔ulcerative colitis - ✔✔chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers -
autoimmune and inflammatory bowel diseases
✔✔Diverticulitis - ✔✔inflammation of a diverticulum, especially in the colon, causing
pain and disturbance of bowel function. Relieved by bowel movement, advise against
enema and colonoscopy.
✔✔organ targeted by virus that causes hep c - ✔✔liver
✔✔Hepatisis A,B,C,D,E spreads - ✔✔A and E - fecal/oral
BCD - blood, bodily fluids
✔✔Cholecystitis - ✔✔inflammation of the gallbladder; usually associated with gallstones
(RUQ pain radiates to back)
