RNSG 1311 PATHO MIDTERM (RUTLEDGE) EXAM
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Pathophysiology - ANSWER The study of the physiologic (functional) changes as
a result of a disease process is:
Idiopathic - ANSWER The term used to refer to a disease of unknown cause or
spontaneous origin is
Iatrogenic - ANSWER relating to illness caused by medical examination or
treatment
Predisposing factors - ANSWER indicate(s) a high risk for the development of a
certain disease or condition but not the certain development of the disease.
Sequelae - ANSWER The potential unwanted, usually damaging outcomes of a
primary condition or disease, such as paralysis following recovery from a
stroke, are referred to as:
Carbuncle - ANSWER a cluster of connected furuncles (boils)
Infarction - ANSWER An area of dead cells resulting from a lack of oxygen,
where the function of the tissue or organ may be lost, is called a(n):
Necrosis - ANSWER The term used to describe the death of a group of cells,
regardless of the cause of the damage, is
incidence - ANSWER The number of new cases of a disease in a given population
noted within a stated time period indicates the __________________ of a disease
prevalence - ANSWER is the proportion of a particular population found to be
affected by a medical condition at a specific time
manifestations - ANSWER The display or disclosure of characteristic signs or
symptoms of an illness
,SIGN - ANSWER an objective indication of a disease, injury, or abnormal
physiological state that may be detected during the physical examination of a
patient
syndrome - ANSWER A collection of signs and symptoms, often affecting more
than one organ is referred to as a
pathogenesis and etiology - ANSWER Prevention of a disease is linked to both
the _______________________________ for a specific disease
pathogenesis - ANSWER the development of a disease or sequence of events
related to tissue changes involved in the disease process
etiology - ANSWER cause of disease
Anaplasia - ANSWER The term used to refer to undifferentiated cells that have
variable nuclei and cell structures and is the basis for grading a tumor is
Metaplasia - ANSWER is the transformation of one differentiated cell type to
another differentiated cell type
dysplasia - ANSWER A change in a tissue marked by cells that vary in size and
shape and show increased mitotic figures would be called
Hyperplasia - ANSWER as an increased NUMBER of cells
Precipitating factor - ANSWER A factor that can trigger an acute episode of a
condition or disease is referred to as a
exacerbation - ANSWER increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms
remissions - ANSWER Manifestations of the disease subside or are absent
predisposing factors - ANSWER Tendencies that promote development of a
disease in an individual
prodomal period - ANSWER early development of a disease. signs are
nonspecific or absent. Ex: COPD & cough
symptoms - ANSWER Subjective characteristics of disease felt only by the
patient
Incubation period - ANSWER The period of time between the exposure to a
microorganism and the onset of signs and symptoms is called the
, Hypoxia - ANSWER A condition in the tissue where there is a reduced level of
oxygen is called
ischemia - ANSWER Lack of blood supply
epidemic - ANSWER When a disease occurs at a greater frequency than usual in
a population of a given area, this is refered to as a
endemic - ANSWER confined to a particular country or area
caseous necrosis - ANSWER dead cells form a thick cheesy substance
coagulation necrosis - ANSWER when the cell proteins are altered and
denatured
One of the chronic viral infections in which stress appears to be a major factor is
- ANSWER cold sores
Slowed healing following the stress of a trauma or surgery often results from -
ANSWER Slowed healing following the stress of a trauma or surgery often
results from
Some major effects on body functions as a result of major or prolonged stress
include - ANSWER arousal of central nervous system
According to the General Adaptation Syndrome, stress and stress response
were originally divided into these three stages - ANSWER alarm, resistance,
final/exhaustion
the main causes of kidney failure brought on by prolonged stress include -
ANSWER severe vasoconstriction and reduced blood supply
Stress can cause an increase in infections resulting primarily from - ANSWER
decreased inflammatory and immune response
Two diseases/disorders of the oral cavity that have been associated with stress
are - ANSWER stomatitis and periodontal disease
Cell damage may be caused by exogenous sources such as - ANSWER ingested
poisons
During the stress response, endorphins act as: - ANSWER pain blockers
Significant effects of the stress response include: - ANSWER bronchodilation,
increased BP, decreased immune response
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Pathophysiology - ANSWER The study of the physiologic (functional) changes as
a result of a disease process is:
Idiopathic - ANSWER The term used to refer to a disease of unknown cause or
spontaneous origin is
Iatrogenic - ANSWER relating to illness caused by medical examination or
treatment
Predisposing factors - ANSWER indicate(s) a high risk for the development of a
certain disease or condition but not the certain development of the disease.
Sequelae - ANSWER The potential unwanted, usually damaging outcomes of a
primary condition or disease, such as paralysis following recovery from a
stroke, are referred to as:
Carbuncle - ANSWER a cluster of connected furuncles (boils)
Infarction - ANSWER An area of dead cells resulting from a lack of oxygen,
where the function of the tissue or organ may be lost, is called a(n):
Necrosis - ANSWER The term used to describe the death of a group of cells,
regardless of the cause of the damage, is
incidence - ANSWER The number of new cases of a disease in a given population
noted within a stated time period indicates the __________________ of a disease
prevalence - ANSWER is the proportion of a particular population found to be
affected by a medical condition at a specific time
manifestations - ANSWER The display or disclosure of characteristic signs or
symptoms of an illness
,SIGN - ANSWER an objective indication of a disease, injury, or abnormal
physiological state that may be detected during the physical examination of a
patient
syndrome - ANSWER A collection of signs and symptoms, often affecting more
than one organ is referred to as a
pathogenesis and etiology - ANSWER Prevention of a disease is linked to both
the _______________________________ for a specific disease
pathogenesis - ANSWER the development of a disease or sequence of events
related to tissue changes involved in the disease process
etiology - ANSWER cause of disease
Anaplasia - ANSWER The term used to refer to undifferentiated cells that have
variable nuclei and cell structures and is the basis for grading a tumor is
Metaplasia - ANSWER is the transformation of one differentiated cell type to
another differentiated cell type
dysplasia - ANSWER A change in a tissue marked by cells that vary in size and
shape and show increased mitotic figures would be called
Hyperplasia - ANSWER as an increased NUMBER of cells
Precipitating factor - ANSWER A factor that can trigger an acute episode of a
condition or disease is referred to as a
exacerbation - ANSWER increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms
remissions - ANSWER Manifestations of the disease subside or are absent
predisposing factors - ANSWER Tendencies that promote development of a
disease in an individual
prodomal period - ANSWER early development of a disease. signs are
nonspecific or absent. Ex: COPD & cough
symptoms - ANSWER Subjective characteristics of disease felt only by the
patient
Incubation period - ANSWER The period of time between the exposure to a
microorganism and the onset of signs and symptoms is called the
, Hypoxia - ANSWER A condition in the tissue where there is a reduced level of
oxygen is called
ischemia - ANSWER Lack of blood supply
epidemic - ANSWER When a disease occurs at a greater frequency than usual in
a population of a given area, this is refered to as a
endemic - ANSWER confined to a particular country or area
caseous necrosis - ANSWER dead cells form a thick cheesy substance
coagulation necrosis - ANSWER when the cell proteins are altered and
denatured
One of the chronic viral infections in which stress appears to be a major factor is
- ANSWER cold sores
Slowed healing following the stress of a trauma or surgery often results from -
ANSWER Slowed healing following the stress of a trauma or surgery often
results from
Some major effects on body functions as a result of major or prolonged stress
include - ANSWER arousal of central nervous system
According to the General Adaptation Syndrome, stress and stress response
were originally divided into these three stages - ANSWER alarm, resistance,
final/exhaustion
the main causes of kidney failure brought on by prolonged stress include -
ANSWER severe vasoconstriction and reduced blood supply
Stress can cause an increase in infections resulting primarily from - ANSWER
decreased inflammatory and immune response
Two diseases/disorders of the oral cavity that have been associated with stress
are - ANSWER stomatitis and periodontal disease
Cell damage may be caused by exogenous sources such as - ANSWER ingested
poisons
During the stress response, endorphins act as: - ANSWER pain blockers
Significant effects of the stress response include: - ANSWER bronchodilation,
increased BP, decreased immune response
