MDC III EXAM 1 (RASMUSSEN) COMPREHENSIVE TEST COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS AND DETAILED RATIONALES

MDC III EXAM 1 (RASMUSSEN) COMPREHENSIVE TEST COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS AND DETAILED RATIONALES 1. A nurse is providing education to a group of adolescent females about the HPV vaccine. The nurse explains that this vaccine provides protection against which type of cancer? A. Ovarian cancer B. Endometrial cancer C. Cervical cancer D. Breast cancer Answer: C. Cervical cancer Rationale: The HPV vaccine protects against human papillomavirus strains that are known to cause cervical cancer. HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection and is linked to cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancers. The vaccine is recommended for both males and females to prevent HPV-related cancers. ________________________________________ 2. A nurse is assessing a client with chronic pyelonephritis. Which of the following is the most common cause of this condition? A. Congenital urinary tract anomalies B. Repeated or continued upper urinary tract infections C. Kidney stones D. Diabetes mellitus Answer: B. Repeated or continued upper urinary tract infections Rationale: Chronic pyelonephritis results from repeated or persistent upper urinary tract infections that cause scarring and damage to the renal parenchyma. Vesicoureteral reflux and obstructive uropathies contribute to recurrent infections. Early treatment of acute pyelonephritis helps prevent chronic disease. ________________________________________ 3. A nurse is teaching a male client about modifiable risk factors for prostate cancer. Which of the following should the nurse include? A. Family history B. Age over 65 C. Diet D. African American ethnicity Answer: C. Diet Rationale: Diet is considered a modifiable risk factor for prostate cancer. Diets high in red meat and high-fat dairy products and low in fruits and vegetables may increase risk. Family history, age, and ethnicity are non-modifiable risk factors. Encouraging a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids may reduce risk. ________________________________________ 4. A nurse is caring for a client with acute pyelonephritis. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse expect? Select all that apply. A. Burning and frequency of urination B. Flank pain C. Fever D. Decreased urine output E. Hypotension Answer: A, B, C Rationale: Acute pyelonephritis typically presents with burning and frequency of urination, flank pain, and fever. Other symptoms include chills, nausea, vomiting, and costovertebral angle tenderness. Decreased urine output and hypotension may occur in severe cases with sepsis but are not primary assessment findings. ________________________________________ 5. A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease. Which of the following interventions would the nurse NOT anticipate? A. Blood pressure management B. Pain management C. Blood transfusion D. Dialysis Answer: C. Blood transfusion Rationale: Polycystic kidney disease is managed with blood pressure control, pain management, and eventually dialysis or kidney transplantation. Blood transfusions are not a standard treatment for PKD unless severe anemia develops. The disease causes cysts to enlarge kidneys and impair function over time. ________________________________________ 6. A nurse is assessing a male client with late-stage prostate cancer. Which of the following findings would indicate advanced disease? A. Urinary frequency B. Nocturia C. Hematuria D. Difficulty starting urination Answer: C. Hematuria Rationale: Hematuria is considered a late sign of prostate cancer, indicating local invasion or metastasis. Early signs include urinary frequency, nocturia, and difficulty starting urination due to urethral compression. Late-stage disease may also present with bone pain, weight loss, and anemia. ________________________________________ 7. A nurse is caring for a client who is status-post nephrostomy secondary to renal cell carcinoma. Which nursing intervention is the highest priority? A. Monitoring for hemorrhage B. Assessing for infection C. Providing wound care D. Administering pain medications Answer: A. Monitoring for hemorrhage Rationale: After nephrostomy tube placement, the highest priority is monitoring for hemorrhage, as the kidney is highly vascular. Signs include hypotension, tachycardia, decreased hematocrit, and blood in the drainage. While infection, wound care, and pain management are important, hemorrhage is the most immediate life-threatening complication. ________________________________________ 8. A client with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and hypertension is prescribed an alpha-adrenergic antagonist. Which medication would the nurse anticipate? A. Finasteride B. Dutasteride C. Doxazosin D. Tamsulosin Answer: C. Doxazosin Rationale: Doxazosin is an alpha-adrenergic antagonist used for BPH and hypertension. It relaxes smooth muscle in the prostate and bladder neck, improving urine flow. Tamsulosin is also used for BPH but is more selective for prostate alpha receptors. Finasteride and dutasteride are 5-alpha reductase inhibitors. ________________________________________ 9. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client prescribed antibiotics for an STD. Which instruction should be included? A. Refrain from sex for at least 7 days B. Take medication with food C. Antibiotics will cure viral infections D. Complete the full course of antibiotics Answer: A. Refrain from sex for at least 7 days Rationale: Clients with STDs should refrain from sexual activity for at least 7 days after treatment and until symptoms resolve. This prevents transmission to partners. Completing the full course of antibiotics is also important. Antibiotics are not effective against viral infections.