ANP 654 | COMPLETE EXAM 2026/2027 | QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS | PASS GUARANTEE
ANP-654
Q: What does the mnemonic OLDCARTS stand for in history taking? ANSWER
Onset, Location, Duration, Character, Aggravating factors, Relieving factors,
Timing, Severity.
Q: What are the components of a SOAP note? ANSWER Subjective, Objective,
Assessment, Plan.
Q: What is the difference between a sign and a symptom? ANSWER A sign is
an objective finding observed by the examiner (e.g., fever); a symptom is a
subjective experience reported by the patient (e.g., pain).
Q: What is diagnostic reasoning? ANSWER The process of analyzing patient
data, generating hypotheses (differential diagnoses), and testing them to
arrive at a final diagnosis.
Q: Define "anchoring bias." ANSWER The tendency to rely too heavily on an
initial piece of information (the "anchor") when making subsequent diagnostic
decisions.
Q: What is "premature closure"? ANSWER A cognitive error where the
clinician accepts a diagnosis before it has been fully verified, stopping the
search for additional data.
Q: What is the difference between a screening test and a diagnostic test?
ANSWER A screening test is used in asymptomatic populations to detect early
disease; a diagnostic test is used to confirm or rule out a suspected condition
in a symptomatic patient.
Q: Define sensitivity. ANSWER The ability of a test to correctly identify those
who have the disease (True Positive rate).
,Q: Define specificity. ANSWER The ability of a test to correctly identify those
who do not have the disease (True Negative rate).
Q: What is a false positive? ANSWER A test result indicating disease is present
when it is actually absent.
Q: What is a false negative? ANSWER A test result indicating disease is absent
when it is actually present.
Q: In what order should the physical examination be performed? ANSWER
Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation (except for the abdomen,
where auscultation is performed before palpation and percussion).
Q: What is a review of systems (ROS)? ANSWER A systematic checklist of
questions asked to uncover symptoms the patient may have forgotten to
mention.
Q: What is the chief complaint (CC)? ANSWER The primary reason the patient
is seeking medical care, recorded in the patient's own words.
Q: What is the HPI (History of Present Illness)? ANSWER A detailed exploration
of the chief complaint, often using OLDCARTS.
Q: Define "health literacy." ANSWER The degree to which individuals can
obtain, process, and understand basic health information needed to make
appropriate health decisions.
Q: What is "availability bias"? ANSWER A cognitive error where the clinician
judges the likelihood of a diagnosis by how easily examples come to mind (e.g.,
a recent patient with a rare disease makes you suspect it in the next patient).
Q: What is a differential diagnosis? ANSWER A list of possible conditions that
could explain a patient's symptoms and signs.
Q: What does "pertinent negatives" mean? ANSWER Symptoms or signs that
the patient does not have, which help rule out certain diagnoses.
Q: What is the "safety netting" in a treatment plan? ANSWER Providing the
patient with specific instructions on what to do if symptoms worsen or do not
improve.
Integumentary (21-50)
Q: What is a macule? ANSWER A flat, non-palpable change in skin color less
than 1 cm.
, Q: What is a patch? ANSWER A flat, non-palpable change in skin color greater
than 1 cm.
Q: What is a papule? ANSWER A solid, elevated, palpable lesion less than 1
cm.
Q: What is a plaque? ANSWER A solid, elevated, flat-topped lesion greater
than 1 cm (formed by the confluence of papules).
Q: What is a nodule? ANSWER A solid, elevated, palpable lesion greater than 1
cm, usually extending deeper into the dermis or subcutaneous tissue.
Q: What is a vesicle? ANSWER A fluid-filled blister less than 1 cm.
Q: What is a bulla? ANSWER A fluid-filled blister greater than 1 cm.
Q: What is a pustule? ANSWER A vesicle filled with pus.
Q: What is an ulcer? ANSWER A loss of epidermis and part of the dermis,
creating a concave lesion.
Q: What is a fissure? ANSWER A linear crack in the skin, often painful.
Q: What is an excoriation? ANSWER A linear erosion caused by scratching.
Q: What is the ABCDE rule used for? ANSWER Assessing moles for melanoma
(Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter > 6mm, Evolving).
Q: What is erythema? ANSWER Redness of the skin caused by vasodilation.
Q: What is purpura? ANSWER Purplish discoloration of the skin caused by
bleeding into the skin (non-blanchable).
Q: What is the difference between petechiae and ecchymosis? ANSWER
Petechiae are pinpoint (less than 3mm) non-blanchable spots; ecchymosis is a
bruise (greater than 1 cm).
Q: What is jaundice? ANSWER Yellowish discoloration of the skin and sclera
due to elevated bilirubin.
Q: What is cyanosis? ANSWER Bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous
membranes due to hypoxia/decreased oxygenation.
Q: What is the rule of nines used for? ANSWER Estimating the total body
surface area (TBSA) affected by burns.
ANSWERS | PASS GUARANTEE
ANP-654
Q: What does the mnemonic OLDCARTS stand for in history taking? ANSWER
Onset, Location, Duration, Character, Aggravating factors, Relieving factors,
Timing, Severity.
Q: What are the components of a SOAP note? ANSWER Subjective, Objective,
Assessment, Plan.
Q: What is the difference between a sign and a symptom? ANSWER A sign is
an objective finding observed by the examiner (e.g., fever); a symptom is a
subjective experience reported by the patient (e.g., pain).
Q: What is diagnostic reasoning? ANSWER The process of analyzing patient
data, generating hypotheses (differential diagnoses), and testing them to
arrive at a final diagnosis.
Q: Define "anchoring bias." ANSWER The tendency to rely too heavily on an
initial piece of information (the "anchor") when making subsequent diagnostic
decisions.
Q: What is "premature closure"? ANSWER A cognitive error where the
clinician accepts a diagnosis before it has been fully verified, stopping the
search for additional data.
Q: What is the difference between a screening test and a diagnostic test?
ANSWER A screening test is used in asymptomatic populations to detect early
disease; a diagnostic test is used to confirm or rule out a suspected condition
in a symptomatic patient.
Q: Define sensitivity. ANSWER The ability of a test to correctly identify those
who have the disease (True Positive rate).
,Q: Define specificity. ANSWER The ability of a test to correctly identify those
who do not have the disease (True Negative rate).
Q: What is a false positive? ANSWER A test result indicating disease is present
when it is actually absent.
Q: What is a false negative? ANSWER A test result indicating disease is absent
when it is actually present.
Q: In what order should the physical examination be performed? ANSWER
Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation (except for the abdomen,
where auscultation is performed before palpation and percussion).
Q: What is a review of systems (ROS)? ANSWER A systematic checklist of
questions asked to uncover symptoms the patient may have forgotten to
mention.
Q: What is the chief complaint (CC)? ANSWER The primary reason the patient
is seeking medical care, recorded in the patient's own words.
Q: What is the HPI (History of Present Illness)? ANSWER A detailed exploration
of the chief complaint, often using OLDCARTS.
Q: Define "health literacy." ANSWER The degree to which individuals can
obtain, process, and understand basic health information needed to make
appropriate health decisions.
Q: What is "availability bias"? ANSWER A cognitive error where the clinician
judges the likelihood of a diagnosis by how easily examples come to mind (e.g.,
a recent patient with a rare disease makes you suspect it in the next patient).
Q: What is a differential diagnosis? ANSWER A list of possible conditions that
could explain a patient's symptoms and signs.
Q: What does "pertinent negatives" mean? ANSWER Symptoms or signs that
the patient does not have, which help rule out certain diagnoses.
Q: What is the "safety netting" in a treatment plan? ANSWER Providing the
patient with specific instructions on what to do if symptoms worsen or do not
improve.
Integumentary (21-50)
Q: What is a macule? ANSWER A flat, non-palpable change in skin color less
than 1 cm.
, Q: What is a patch? ANSWER A flat, non-palpable change in skin color greater
than 1 cm.
Q: What is a papule? ANSWER A solid, elevated, palpable lesion less than 1
cm.
Q: What is a plaque? ANSWER A solid, elevated, flat-topped lesion greater
than 1 cm (formed by the confluence of papules).
Q: What is a nodule? ANSWER A solid, elevated, palpable lesion greater than 1
cm, usually extending deeper into the dermis or subcutaneous tissue.
Q: What is a vesicle? ANSWER A fluid-filled blister less than 1 cm.
Q: What is a bulla? ANSWER A fluid-filled blister greater than 1 cm.
Q: What is a pustule? ANSWER A vesicle filled with pus.
Q: What is an ulcer? ANSWER A loss of epidermis and part of the dermis,
creating a concave lesion.
Q: What is a fissure? ANSWER A linear crack in the skin, often painful.
Q: What is an excoriation? ANSWER A linear erosion caused by scratching.
Q: What is the ABCDE rule used for? ANSWER Assessing moles for melanoma
(Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter > 6mm, Evolving).
Q: What is erythema? ANSWER Redness of the skin caused by vasodilation.
Q: What is purpura? ANSWER Purplish discoloration of the skin caused by
bleeding into the skin (non-blanchable).
Q: What is the difference between petechiae and ecchymosis? ANSWER
Petechiae are pinpoint (less than 3mm) non-blanchable spots; ecchymosis is a
bruise (greater than 1 cm).
Q: What is jaundice? ANSWER Yellowish discoloration of the skin and sclera
due to elevated bilirubin.
Q: What is cyanosis? ANSWER Bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous
membranes due to hypoxia/decreased oxygenation.
Q: What is the rule of nines used for? ANSWER Estimating the total body
surface area (TBSA) affected by burns.
