PN 2003 EXAM SCRIPT 2026 FULL
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED CORRECT
RESPONSES HIGH SCORING
◉ what is glaucoma
Answer: eye disease involving increased intraocular pressure
◉ What is macular degeneration?
Answer: loss of central vision due to the development of drusen
deposits in the retinal pigmented epithelium
◉ what is presbycusis
Answer: age related high frequency sensorineural hearing loss
◉ presbyopia
Answer: the inability to focus or accomodate properly due to
reduced elasticity of the lens
◉ what nutrients are beneficial to vision
Answer: essential fatty acids, flavonoid, vitamin A, vitamin b
complex, vitamin c, vitamin E, selenium, zinc
,◉ What causes cataracts?
Answer: The lens becomes cloudy or darkened (with proteins)
Aging, disease, UV rays, smoking, medications
◉ what are the symptoms of cataracts
Answer: vision distorted, night vision decreased, objects appear
blurred, signs may be hard to see while driving may feel a film over
eye. glare rom sunlight and bright lights, nuclear sclerosis,
◉ treatment of cataracts and cataract surgery
Answer: surgery only cure.
◉ Ways to decrease development of cataracts
Answer: sunglassesm sheer curtains over windows, furniure placed
away from bright light, soft lights
◉ cause of glaucoma
Answer: unknown but associated with increased size of lens, iritis,
allergy, endocrine imbalance,emotional instability, family history
◉ what are the types of glaucoma
Answer: Open-angle (chronic), closed angle (acute)
,◉ acute glaucoma
Answer: severe eye pain, headache nause and vomiting. rapid
increased tension, edema of ciliary body and dilation of pupil occur,
vision blurred blindness may occur within a day if no dealt with.
◉ medications used for acute glaucoma
Answer: carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, which reduce the formation
of aqueous solution; mannitol, urea, and glycerin which reduce fluid
because of their ability to increase osmotic tension in the circulating
blood.
◉ Chronic Glaucoma
Answer: occurs so gradually that affected indivu=iduals are unaware
of vision problems, peripheral vision becomes slowly but
increasingly impaired so that people may not realize for a long time
why they bump or knock over items at their side, tired feeling in
their eyes , headaches, misty vision, seeing halos around lights,
cornea may be cloudy, iris fixed and dilated, usually affects one eye
◉ treatments of chronic glaucoma
Answer: miotic and carbonic anhydrase inhibitor or of surgery to
establish channel to filter the aqueous fluid,acetazolamide,
mydriatics, stimulants and agents that elevate the bp.
◉ macular degeneration symptoms
, Answer: loss of central vision
◉ detached retina
Answer: separation of the retina from the choroid in back of the eye
◉ symptoms of detached retina
Answer: perception of spots moving across eye, blurred vision,
flashes of light, feeling that a coating is developing over the eye ,
blank areas of vision ,
◉ corneal ulcer
Answer: Inflammation of the cornea, accompanied by a loss of
substance
◉ Symptoms of corneal ulcer
Answer: - Ocular pain, foreign body sensation, discharge from the
eye, photophobia or blurred vision
- Round irregular with white hazy base
◉ congestive heart failure
Answer: A condition resulting from the heart's inability to pump out
all the blood that returns to it; blood backs up in the veins leading to
the heart, causing an accumulation of fluid in various parts of the
body
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED CORRECT
RESPONSES HIGH SCORING
◉ what is glaucoma
Answer: eye disease involving increased intraocular pressure
◉ What is macular degeneration?
Answer: loss of central vision due to the development of drusen
deposits in the retinal pigmented epithelium
◉ what is presbycusis
Answer: age related high frequency sensorineural hearing loss
◉ presbyopia
Answer: the inability to focus or accomodate properly due to
reduced elasticity of the lens
◉ what nutrients are beneficial to vision
Answer: essential fatty acids, flavonoid, vitamin A, vitamin b
complex, vitamin c, vitamin E, selenium, zinc
,◉ What causes cataracts?
Answer: The lens becomes cloudy or darkened (with proteins)
Aging, disease, UV rays, smoking, medications
◉ what are the symptoms of cataracts
Answer: vision distorted, night vision decreased, objects appear
blurred, signs may be hard to see while driving may feel a film over
eye. glare rom sunlight and bright lights, nuclear sclerosis,
◉ treatment of cataracts and cataract surgery
Answer: surgery only cure.
◉ Ways to decrease development of cataracts
Answer: sunglassesm sheer curtains over windows, furniure placed
away from bright light, soft lights
◉ cause of glaucoma
Answer: unknown but associated with increased size of lens, iritis,
allergy, endocrine imbalance,emotional instability, family history
◉ what are the types of glaucoma
Answer: Open-angle (chronic), closed angle (acute)
,◉ acute glaucoma
Answer: severe eye pain, headache nause and vomiting. rapid
increased tension, edema of ciliary body and dilation of pupil occur,
vision blurred blindness may occur within a day if no dealt with.
◉ medications used for acute glaucoma
Answer: carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, which reduce the formation
of aqueous solution; mannitol, urea, and glycerin which reduce fluid
because of their ability to increase osmotic tension in the circulating
blood.
◉ Chronic Glaucoma
Answer: occurs so gradually that affected indivu=iduals are unaware
of vision problems, peripheral vision becomes slowly but
increasingly impaired so that people may not realize for a long time
why they bump or knock over items at their side, tired feeling in
their eyes , headaches, misty vision, seeing halos around lights,
cornea may be cloudy, iris fixed and dilated, usually affects one eye
◉ treatments of chronic glaucoma
Answer: miotic and carbonic anhydrase inhibitor or of surgery to
establish channel to filter the aqueous fluid,acetazolamide,
mydriatics, stimulants and agents that elevate the bp.
◉ macular degeneration symptoms
, Answer: loss of central vision
◉ detached retina
Answer: separation of the retina from the choroid in back of the eye
◉ symptoms of detached retina
Answer: perception of spots moving across eye, blurred vision,
flashes of light, feeling that a coating is developing over the eye ,
blank areas of vision ,
◉ corneal ulcer
Answer: Inflammation of the cornea, accompanied by a loss of
substance
◉ Symptoms of corneal ulcer
Answer: - Ocular pain, foreign body sensation, discharge from the
eye, photophobia or blurred vision
- Round irregular with white hazy base
◉ congestive heart failure
Answer: A condition resulting from the heart's inability to pump out
all the blood that returns to it; blood backs up in the veins leading to
the heart, causing an accumulation of fluid in various parts of the
body
