BIOD 151 FINAL ACTUAL TEST SCRIPT 2026
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
◉ What is phagocytosis? Answer: once a cell is enclosed in a vesicle,
it fuses with lysosomes inside the cell and is digested.
◉ What is pinocytosis? Answer: endocytosis of tiny droplets of fluid,
the cell membrane pinches inward without needed to extend
pseudopods to ingest material
◉ What is receptor-mediated endocytosis? Answer: Receptor
proteins bind with a signaling molecule sent from another cell,
Results in the activation of enzymes to catalyze the release of ATP
that powers structural changes in a cell.
◉ What happens to the soft palate during swallowing? Answer: the
upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from
entering the nasal passages during swallowing
◉ T/F? The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ADP
Answer: false - atp
◉ T/F? Peripheral proteins are found on the outer surface of a cell
membrane. Answer: True
,◉ T/F? exocytosis is the process that occurs to bring
biomacromolecules inside of the cell Answer: false
◉ T/F? Receptor-mediated endocytosis uses a signaling molecule
from another cell, binding to the cell membrane to bring about
changes within the cell proteins Answer: True
◉ T/F? Endocytosis is a passive process, it does not require cellular
energy expenditure Answer: False
◉ Air and food pass in which of the following areas? Answer:
oropharynx
◉ Be able to label respiratory system Answer: see image
◉ From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are
Answer: primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi,
bronchioles
◉ Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia (excessive
secretion of gastrin) might develop gastric/stomach ulcers. Answer:
Gastrin stimulates the secretions of pepsinogens and hydrochloric
acid. Excess amounts would lead to erosion of the stomach lining.
, ◉ Be able to label digestive system Answer: see image
◉ Describe parietal and chief cells: name their location, secretion,
purpose Answer: parietal cells: located in the wall of the stomach
body, secrete HCl acid, generating a pH of 1.3-3.5. The very acidic pH
kills much of the bacteria ingested along with food and it also stops
the activity of salivary amylase. This is also necessary to activate
pepsin. Chief cells secrete pepsinogen which is a preenzyme
secreted by the cief cells int he stomach. HCl acid converts an
inactive pepsinogen into an active enzyme pepsin which begins the
breakdown of proteins
◉ Be able to label skeletal system Answer: see image
◉ Be able to label carpals/metacarpals Answer: see image
◉ What is osteoporosis and what type of bone cell would the patient
be lacking? Answer: 1) it is a bone tissue disease. When bone tissue
degenerates faster than is replaced and the bones become weak.
Brittle bones cause pain 2) they have decreased osteoblasts that are
responsible for bone repair
◉ When the extensor digitorum contracts, what actions occur?
Answer: wrist extension, extension of digits 2-5
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
◉ What is phagocytosis? Answer: once a cell is enclosed in a vesicle,
it fuses with lysosomes inside the cell and is digested.
◉ What is pinocytosis? Answer: endocytosis of tiny droplets of fluid,
the cell membrane pinches inward without needed to extend
pseudopods to ingest material
◉ What is receptor-mediated endocytosis? Answer: Receptor
proteins bind with a signaling molecule sent from another cell,
Results in the activation of enzymes to catalyze the release of ATP
that powers structural changes in a cell.
◉ What happens to the soft palate during swallowing? Answer: the
upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from
entering the nasal passages during swallowing
◉ T/F? The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ADP
Answer: false - atp
◉ T/F? Peripheral proteins are found on the outer surface of a cell
membrane. Answer: True
,◉ T/F? exocytosis is the process that occurs to bring
biomacromolecules inside of the cell Answer: false
◉ T/F? Receptor-mediated endocytosis uses a signaling molecule
from another cell, binding to the cell membrane to bring about
changes within the cell proteins Answer: True
◉ T/F? Endocytosis is a passive process, it does not require cellular
energy expenditure Answer: False
◉ Air and food pass in which of the following areas? Answer:
oropharynx
◉ Be able to label respiratory system Answer: see image
◉ From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are
Answer: primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi,
bronchioles
◉ Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia (excessive
secretion of gastrin) might develop gastric/stomach ulcers. Answer:
Gastrin stimulates the secretions of pepsinogens and hydrochloric
acid. Excess amounts would lead to erosion of the stomach lining.
, ◉ Be able to label digestive system Answer: see image
◉ Describe parietal and chief cells: name their location, secretion,
purpose Answer: parietal cells: located in the wall of the stomach
body, secrete HCl acid, generating a pH of 1.3-3.5. The very acidic pH
kills much of the bacteria ingested along with food and it also stops
the activity of salivary amylase. This is also necessary to activate
pepsin. Chief cells secrete pepsinogen which is a preenzyme
secreted by the cief cells int he stomach. HCl acid converts an
inactive pepsinogen into an active enzyme pepsin which begins the
breakdown of proteins
◉ Be able to label skeletal system Answer: see image
◉ Be able to label carpals/metacarpals Answer: see image
◉ What is osteoporosis and what type of bone cell would the patient
be lacking? Answer: 1) it is a bone tissue disease. When bone tissue
degenerates faster than is replaced and the bones become weak.
Brittle bones cause pain 2) they have decreased osteoblasts that are
responsible for bone repair
◉ When the extensor digitorum contracts, what actions occur?
Answer: wrist extension, extension of digits 2-5
