KNH 188 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Insulin - Answers - Pancreatic hormone that is released to counter an increase in blood
glucose
Types of diabetes - Answers - - type 1
- type 2
- gestational diabetes mellitus
- prediabetes
type 1 diabetes is also called - Answers - juvenile diabetes
Type 1 diabetes represents how many cases of diabetes - Answers - 5-10%
Two types of type 1 diabetes - Answers - - immune mediated (beta cells destroyed by
autoimmune process)
- idiopathic (cause of beta cell function loss unknown)
Type 1 diabetes occurs due to ________ 1st. - Answers - loss of B-cell function
Type 2 diabetes occurs due to the onset of __________ 1st. - Answers - insulin
resistance
Causes of immune-mediated type 1 diabetes - Answers - - genetic predisposition
- autoimmune reaction may be triggered by viral infection, toxins
- destroys B-cells in pancreas that produce insulin
Causes of idiopathic (cause unknown) - Answers - - strongly inherited
- African or asian ancestors
Type 1 Diabetes explained - Answers - 1. stomach changes food to glucose
2. glucose enters blood
3. pancreas makes little or no insulin
4. little or no insulin goes into the bloodstream
5. glucose builds up in blood
In a cell, insulin must bind with receptors before glucose can enter, so glucose won't
enter the cell
Type 1 diabetes symptoms - Answers - - hyperglycemia
- excessive thirst (polydipsia)
- frequent urination (polyuria)
, - significant (sudden) weight loss
- electrolyte disturbance
- ketoacidosis
What is ketoacidosis? - Answers - excess ketones in the blood
- pretty sure it leads to electrolyte disorders
What percentage of people with type 2 diabetes are overweight or obese and physically
inactive? - Answers - 90%
What are type 2 diabetes, obesity, and physical inactivity symptoms of? - Answers -
cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome
What precent of diabetic people have type 2? - Answers - 90-95%
What is type 2 diabetes mellitus? - Answers - combination of insulin resistance and beta
cell failure (insulin deficiency)
- progressive
- ketoacidosis rare, usually arises in illness
Type 2 diabetes - Answers - - characterized by chronic hyperglycemia
- associated with microvascular and macrovascular complication
- generally arises from a combination of insulin resistance and B-cell dysfunction
Type 2 diabetes explained - Answers - 1. the stomach changes food to glucose
2. glucose enters blood
3. pancreas makes insulin
4. insulin enter blood
5. glucose can't get into the cells of the body. Glucose builds up in blood vessels
insulin receptors are resistant to insulins reaction
Type 2 diabetes symptoms - Answers - - insidious onset (slow burn)
- often goes undiagnosed for years
- hyperglycemia
- excessive thirst (polydipsia)
- frequent urination (polyuria)
- polyphagia
- weight loss
As type 2 diabetes progresses, what eventually happens to the B-cells in the pancreas?
- Answers - loss and death due to stress
Type 2 diabetes risk factors - Answers - -Family history
- older age
- *obesity, particularly in intra-abdominal obesity (visceral)
ANSWERS
Insulin - Answers - Pancreatic hormone that is released to counter an increase in blood
glucose
Types of diabetes - Answers - - type 1
- type 2
- gestational diabetes mellitus
- prediabetes
type 1 diabetes is also called - Answers - juvenile diabetes
Type 1 diabetes represents how many cases of diabetes - Answers - 5-10%
Two types of type 1 diabetes - Answers - - immune mediated (beta cells destroyed by
autoimmune process)
- idiopathic (cause of beta cell function loss unknown)
Type 1 diabetes occurs due to ________ 1st. - Answers - loss of B-cell function
Type 2 diabetes occurs due to the onset of __________ 1st. - Answers - insulin
resistance
Causes of immune-mediated type 1 diabetes - Answers - - genetic predisposition
- autoimmune reaction may be triggered by viral infection, toxins
- destroys B-cells in pancreas that produce insulin
Causes of idiopathic (cause unknown) - Answers - - strongly inherited
- African or asian ancestors
Type 1 Diabetes explained - Answers - 1. stomach changes food to glucose
2. glucose enters blood
3. pancreas makes little or no insulin
4. little or no insulin goes into the bloodstream
5. glucose builds up in blood
In a cell, insulin must bind with receptors before glucose can enter, so glucose won't
enter the cell
Type 1 diabetes symptoms - Answers - - hyperglycemia
- excessive thirst (polydipsia)
- frequent urination (polyuria)
, - significant (sudden) weight loss
- electrolyte disturbance
- ketoacidosis
What is ketoacidosis? - Answers - excess ketones in the blood
- pretty sure it leads to electrolyte disorders
What percentage of people with type 2 diabetes are overweight or obese and physically
inactive? - Answers - 90%
What are type 2 diabetes, obesity, and physical inactivity symptoms of? - Answers -
cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome
What precent of diabetic people have type 2? - Answers - 90-95%
What is type 2 diabetes mellitus? - Answers - combination of insulin resistance and beta
cell failure (insulin deficiency)
- progressive
- ketoacidosis rare, usually arises in illness
Type 2 diabetes - Answers - - characterized by chronic hyperglycemia
- associated with microvascular and macrovascular complication
- generally arises from a combination of insulin resistance and B-cell dysfunction
Type 2 diabetes explained - Answers - 1. the stomach changes food to glucose
2. glucose enters blood
3. pancreas makes insulin
4. insulin enter blood
5. glucose can't get into the cells of the body. Glucose builds up in blood vessels
insulin receptors are resistant to insulins reaction
Type 2 diabetes symptoms - Answers - - insidious onset (slow burn)
- often goes undiagnosed for years
- hyperglycemia
- excessive thirst (polydipsia)
- frequent urination (polyuria)
- polyphagia
- weight loss
As type 2 diabetes progresses, what eventually happens to the B-cells in the pancreas?
- Answers - loss and death due to stress
Type 2 diabetes risk factors - Answers - -Family history
- older age
- *obesity, particularly in intra-abdominal obesity (visceral)
