PEDIATRICS NURSING EXAM 4 ACTUAL EXAM
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ What is anasarca?
Answer: Anasarca is the medical term for generalized edema, which
is swelling throughout the body due to fluid accumulation in the
extracellular space.
◉ Clonus
Answer: Clonus is characterized by involuntary, rhythmic muscle
contractions that can occur in various neuromuscular disorders
◉ Ataxia
Answer: Ataxia is the term used to describe the lack of muscle
coordination during voluntary movements,
◉ What are some common laboratory and diagnostic tests for
gastrointestinal disorders in children?
Answer: Abdominal ultrasonography, barium swallow, blood work
(amylase, electrolytes, lipase), endoscopy, and stool sample/culture.
,◉ What is the purpose of oral rehydration therapy (ORS) in
managing dehydration?
Answer: To replace lost fluids and electrolytes, ORS should contain
75 mmol/L sodium chloride and 13.5 g/L glucose.
◉ What are some common medical treatments for gastrointestinal
disorders?
Answer: Hydration, nutrition support, enemas, ostomies, probiotics,
and medications.
◉ What are the risk factors for gastrointestinal disorders in
children?
Answer: Prematurity, family history, genetic syndromes, chronic
illness, prenatal factors, immune deficency, chronic steriod use, and
exposure to infectious agents.
◉ What are some acute gastrointestinal disorders in children?
Answer: Diarrhea, vomiting, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis,
intussusception, appendicitis.
◉ What is the significance of hypoactive bowel sounds in a child?
Answer: Hypoactive bowel sounds may indicate an obstruction.
, ◉ What are the signs and symptoms of Crohn disease and ulcerative
colitis?
Answer: Abdominal pain, fever, weight loss, waking in night due to
pain or urge to defecate, and poor growth
◉ What are the structural anomalies associated with cleft lip and
palate?
Answer: Heart defects, ear malformations, otitis media, skeletal
deformities, and genitourinary abnormalities.
◉ Common structural anomalies of the GI tract
Answer: Cleft lip and cleft palate
Pyloric stenosis (cannot keep formula down)
Hernias: intestines protrude through a weakness in the abdominal
wall can be inguinal (groin area) or umbilical (near belly button)
◉ What are the common causes of pediatric constipation?
Answer: Dietary factors, dehydration, and lack of physical activity.
◉ What is the role of probiotics in gastrointestinal disorders?
Answer: Probiotics support or replace intestinal microbial flora and
may decrease the length and extent of diarrhea.
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ What is anasarca?
Answer: Anasarca is the medical term for generalized edema, which
is swelling throughout the body due to fluid accumulation in the
extracellular space.
◉ Clonus
Answer: Clonus is characterized by involuntary, rhythmic muscle
contractions that can occur in various neuromuscular disorders
◉ Ataxia
Answer: Ataxia is the term used to describe the lack of muscle
coordination during voluntary movements,
◉ What are some common laboratory and diagnostic tests for
gastrointestinal disorders in children?
Answer: Abdominal ultrasonography, barium swallow, blood work
(amylase, electrolytes, lipase), endoscopy, and stool sample/culture.
,◉ What is the purpose of oral rehydration therapy (ORS) in
managing dehydration?
Answer: To replace lost fluids and electrolytes, ORS should contain
75 mmol/L sodium chloride and 13.5 g/L glucose.
◉ What are some common medical treatments for gastrointestinal
disorders?
Answer: Hydration, nutrition support, enemas, ostomies, probiotics,
and medications.
◉ What are the risk factors for gastrointestinal disorders in
children?
Answer: Prematurity, family history, genetic syndromes, chronic
illness, prenatal factors, immune deficency, chronic steriod use, and
exposure to infectious agents.
◉ What are some acute gastrointestinal disorders in children?
Answer: Diarrhea, vomiting, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis,
intussusception, appendicitis.
◉ What is the significance of hypoactive bowel sounds in a child?
Answer: Hypoactive bowel sounds may indicate an obstruction.
, ◉ What are the signs and symptoms of Crohn disease and ulcerative
colitis?
Answer: Abdominal pain, fever, weight loss, waking in night due to
pain or urge to defecate, and poor growth
◉ What are the structural anomalies associated with cleft lip and
palate?
Answer: Heart defects, ear malformations, otitis media, skeletal
deformities, and genitourinary abnormalities.
◉ Common structural anomalies of the GI tract
Answer: Cleft lip and cleft palate
Pyloric stenosis (cannot keep formula down)
Hernias: intestines protrude through a weakness in the abdominal
wall can be inguinal (groin area) or umbilical (near belly button)
◉ What are the common causes of pediatric constipation?
Answer: Dietary factors, dehydration, and lack of physical activity.
◉ What is the role of probiotics in gastrointestinal disorders?
Answer: Probiotics support or replace intestinal microbial flora and
may decrease the length and extent of diarrhea.
