PAEA PEDIATRICS EOR EXAM 8 FINAL PAPER
2026 COMPLETE SOLVED QUESTIONS
PRACTICE REVISION PACK EXPERT REVIEW
◉ Dx? preauricular lymphadenopathy, copious watery eye discharge,
scanty mucoid discharge, usually unilateral with punctate staining
on slit lamp examination; Tx?
Answer: dx: viral conjunctivitis
tx: supportive (cool compresses, artificial tears) +/- antihistamines
for itching (Olopatadine)
◉ Dx? bilateral eye itching, tearing, redness, string discharge,
chemosis (conjunctival swelling) with cobblestone appearance to
inner/upper eyelids; Tx?
Answer: dx: allergic conjunctivitis
tx: topical antihistamines (H1 blockers) (Olopatadine,
Pheniramine/Naphazoline, Emedastine), topical NSAID (ketorolac),
topical corticosteroids (but s/e of long term use = glaucoma,
cataracts, HSV keratitis)
◉ Dx? purulent eye discharge, lid crusting, no visual changes,
absence of ciliary injection; Tx?
Answer: dx: bacterial conjunctivitis (MC S. aureus, Strep pneumo, H.
influenzae)
,tx: topical abx (erythromycin, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides,
aminoglycosides); if contact lens wearer cover for pseudomonas w/
fluoroquinolone or aminoglycoside
◉ if bacterial conjunctivitis is found to be chlamydia or gonorrhea
what is the tx?
Answer: admit for IV and topical abx (ophtho emergency)
-gonoccoccal: IV ceftriaxone + topical
-chlamydia: IV azithromycin
◉ neonatal conjunctivitis is aka? if left untreated can develop what?
Answer: ophthalmia neonatorum; corneal ulceration,
opacification/scarring, visual impairment/blindness
◉ standard prophylaxis given immediately after birth to prevent
ophthalmia neonatorum (neonatal conjunctivitis) includes:
Answer: erythromycin ointment, tetracycline ointment, silver
nitrate, or povidone-iodine
◉ if ophthalmia neonatorum (neonatal conjunctivitis) develops on
day 1 after birth what is the most likely cause? day 2-5? day 5-7? day
7-11?
Answer: day 1: silver nitrate (chemical cause- prophylaxis is what
can cause the condition)
,day 2-5: gonococcal
day 5-7: chlamydia
day 7-11: HSV
◉ orbital (septal) cellulitis is usually secondary to _________ infection
in most commonly what age group?
Answer: sinus; 7-12y; other causes include dental/facial infxns or
bacteremia
◉ what is the most common sinus infection (90%) that causes
secondary orbital cellulitis? what organisms are the cause?
Answer: ethmoid; S. aureus, Strep. pneumo, GABHS (Strep.
pyogenes), H. influenzae
◉ work up/Dx? decreased vision, pain w/ ocular movement,
proptosis (bulging eye), eyelid erythema and edema; tx?
Answer: dx: orbital cellulitis
work up: CT scan (showing infxn of fat & ocular muscles) or MRI
tx: IV antibiotics (Vanc, Clinda, Cefotaxime, Ampicillin/Sulbactam)
◉ what is the difference b/t orbital (septal) cellulitis and preseptal
cellulitis?
, Answer: preseptal may still have ocular pain, redness and swelling
but NO visual changes or pain w/ ocular mvmt (hasn't affected the
muscles)
◉ misalignment of the eyes is aka? when does stable ocular
alignment present in infants?
Answer: strabismus; 2-3 mos
◉ convergent strabismus is aka? divergent strabismus is aka?
Answer: convergent: esotropia (deviated inward "cross eyed")
divergent: exotropia (deviated ouward)
◉ a + Hirschberg corneal light reflex test, diplopia, scotomas (blind
spots), or amblyopia (lazy eye) are clinical manifestations of what
condition? what other tests can be performed?
Answer: strabismus; cover-uncover test to determine the angle of
strabismus, cover test, convergence testing
◉ how can strabismus be treated?
Answer: -patch therapy: normal eye is covered to stimulate and
strengthen the affected eye
-eyeglasses
-corrective therapy: if severe or unresponsive to conservative
therapy
2026 COMPLETE SOLVED QUESTIONS
PRACTICE REVISION PACK EXPERT REVIEW
◉ Dx? preauricular lymphadenopathy, copious watery eye discharge,
scanty mucoid discharge, usually unilateral with punctate staining
on slit lamp examination; Tx?
Answer: dx: viral conjunctivitis
tx: supportive (cool compresses, artificial tears) +/- antihistamines
for itching (Olopatadine)
◉ Dx? bilateral eye itching, tearing, redness, string discharge,
chemosis (conjunctival swelling) with cobblestone appearance to
inner/upper eyelids; Tx?
Answer: dx: allergic conjunctivitis
tx: topical antihistamines (H1 blockers) (Olopatadine,
Pheniramine/Naphazoline, Emedastine), topical NSAID (ketorolac),
topical corticosteroids (but s/e of long term use = glaucoma,
cataracts, HSV keratitis)
◉ Dx? purulent eye discharge, lid crusting, no visual changes,
absence of ciliary injection; Tx?
Answer: dx: bacterial conjunctivitis (MC S. aureus, Strep pneumo, H.
influenzae)
,tx: topical abx (erythromycin, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides,
aminoglycosides); if contact lens wearer cover for pseudomonas w/
fluoroquinolone or aminoglycoside
◉ if bacterial conjunctivitis is found to be chlamydia or gonorrhea
what is the tx?
Answer: admit for IV and topical abx (ophtho emergency)
-gonoccoccal: IV ceftriaxone + topical
-chlamydia: IV azithromycin
◉ neonatal conjunctivitis is aka? if left untreated can develop what?
Answer: ophthalmia neonatorum; corneal ulceration,
opacification/scarring, visual impairment/blindness
◉ standard prophylaxis given immediately after birth to prevent
ophthalmia neonatorum (neonatal conjunctivitis) includes:
Answer: erythromycin ointment, tetracycline ointment, silver
nitrate, or povidone-iodine
◉ if ophthalmia neonatorum (neonatal conjunctivitis) develops on
day 1 after birth what is the most likely cause? day 2-5? day 5-7? day
7-11?
Answer: day 1: silver nitrate (chemical cause- prophylaxis is what
can cause the condition)
,day 2-5: gonococcal
day 5-7: chlamydia
day 7-11: HSV
◉ orbital (septal) cellulitis is usually secondary to _________ infection
in most commonly what age group?
Answer: sinus; 7-12y; other causes include dental/facial infxns or
bacteremia
◉ what is the most common sinus infection (90%) that causes
secondary orbital cellulitis? what organisms are the cause?
Answer: ethmoid; S. aureus, Strep. pneumo, GABHS (Strep.
pyogenes), H. influenzae
◉ work up/Dx? decreased vision, pain w/ ocular movement,
proptosis (bulging eye), eyelid erythema and edema; tx?
Answer: dx: orbital cellulitis
work up: CT scan (showing infxn of fat & ocular muscles) or MRI
tx: IV antibiotics (Vanc, Clinda, Cefotaxime, Ampicillin/Sulbactam)
◉ what is the difference b/t orbital (septal) cellulitis and preseptal
cellulitis?
, Answer: preseptal may still have ocular pain, redness and swelling
but NO visual changes or pain w/ ocular mvmt (hasn't affected the
muscles)
◉ misalignment of the eyes is aka? when does stable ocular
alignment present in infants?
Answer: strabismus; 2-3 mos
◉ convergent strabismus is aka? divergent strabismus is aka?
Answer: convergent: esotropia (deviated inward "cross eyed")
divergent: exotropia (deviated ouward)
◉ a + Hirschberg corneal light reflex test, diplopia, scotomas (blind
spots), or amblyopia (lazy eye) are clinical manifestations of what
condition? what other tests can be performed?
Answer: strabismus; cover-uncover test to determine the angle of
strabismus, cover test, convergence testing
◉ how can strabismus be treated?
Answer: -patch therapy: normal eye is covered to stimulate and
strengthen the affected eye
-eyeglasses
-corrective therapy: if severe or unresponsive to conservative
therapy
