1
NR 283/ NR283 (New 2026
Update) Pathophysiology
Exam
2 Testb an k |V erifi ed Q uestio n s
& Answers| Grade A| 100%
C o r r e c t (V erifi ed Solut ions) -
Chamberlain
, 2
What is the first step in evaluating thyroid disorders? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Measure TSH.
What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Weight loss,
heat intolerance, tachycardia.
What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Weight gain,
cold intolerance, bradycardia.
What is the primary characteristic of Polycystic Kidney Disease? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>It is autosomal dominant and can lead to hypertension and berry
aneurysms.
What is the most common type of kidney stone? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Calcium oxalate, which is radiopaque.
Where are red blood cells (RBCs) produced? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>In the bone
marrow.
What regulates the production of red blood cells? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Erythropoietin (EPO) from the kidneys.
What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Approximately 120 days.
What does MCV stand for and what does it measure? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Mean Cell Volume; it measures the size of RBCs.
What is the normal range for MCV? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>80-95. Where
does red blood cell (RBC) production occur? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>In
the bone marrow.
What stimulates the release of erythropoietin (EPO)? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Hypoxia.
What is the sequence of RBC development starting from hematopoietic stem cells? -
<<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Hematopoietic stem cell→ Myeloid
, 3
progenitor→Proerythroblast→ Reticulocyte→ Mature erythrocyte.
What are the requirements for erythropoiesis? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Iron for
hemoglobin synthesis, Vitamin B12 and Folate for DNA synthesis, and EPO for proliferation
signal.
What does a high reticulocyte count indicate? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Hemolysis or blood loss.
What does a low reticulocyte count indicate? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Bone marrow
suppression or deficiency.
What is the classification of anemia based on MCV? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>><80 = microcytic, 80-100 = normocytic, >100 = macrocytic.
What are common causes of microcytic anemia? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Iron deficiency, Thalassemia, Anemia of chronic disease (late).
What are common causes of macrocytic anemia? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Vitamin
B12 deficiency, Folate deficiency, Alcohol use, Liver disease.
What is Polycythemia Vera? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>A myeloproliferative
neoplasm caused by JAK2 mutation leading to autonomous RBC production.
What are the symptoms of Polycythemia Vera? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Headache, dizziness, pruritus (especially after warm showers),
splenomegaly.
What is the role of Vitamin B12 in the body? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>DNA
synthesis and myelin formation.
NR 283/ NR283 (New 2026
Update) Pathophysiology
Exam
2 Testb an k |V erifi ed Q uestio n s
& Answers| Grade A| 100%
C o r r e c t (V erifi ed Solut ions) -
Chamberlain
, 2
What is the first step in evaluating thyroid disorders? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Measure TSH.
What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Weight loss,
heat intolerance, tachycardia.
What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Weight gain,
cold intolerance, bradycardia.
What is the primary characteristic of Polycystic Kidney Disease? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>It is autosomal dominant and can lead to hypertension and berry
aneurysms.
What is the most common type of kidney stone? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Calcium oxalate, which is radiopaque.
Where are red blood cells (RBCs) produced? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>In the bone
marrow.
What regulates the production of red blood cells? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Erythropoietin (EPO) from the kidneys.
What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Approximately 120 days.
What does MCV stand for and what does it measure? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Mean Cell Volume; it measures the size of RBCs.
What is the normal range for MCV? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>80-95. Where
does red blood cell (RBC) production occur? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>In
the bone marrow.
What stimulates the release of erythropoietin (EPO)? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Hypoxia.
What is the sequence of RBC development starting from hematopoietic stem cells? -
<<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Hematopoietic stem cell→ Myeloid
, 3
progenitor→Proerythroblast→ Reticulocyte→ Mature erythrocyte.
What are the requirements for erythropoiesis? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Iron for
hemoglobin synthesis, Vitamin B12 and Folate for DNA synthesis, and EPO for proliferation
signal.
What does a high reticulocyte count indicate? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Hemolysis or blood loss.
What does a low reticulocyte count indicate? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Bone marrow
suppression or deficiency.
What is the classification of anemia based on MCV? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>><80 = microcytic, 80-100 = normocytic, >100 = macrocytic.
What are common causes of microcytic anemia? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Iron deficiency, Thalassemia, Anemia of chronic disease (late).
What are common causes of macrocytic anemia? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>Vitamin
B12 deficiency, Folate deficiency, Alcohol use, Liver disease.
What is Polycythemia Vera? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>A myeloproliferative
neoplasm caused by JAK2 mutation leading to autonomous RBC production.
What are the symptoms of Polycythemia Vera? - <<<<CORRECT
ANSWERS>>>Headache, dizziness, pruritus (especially after warm showers),
splenomegaly.
What is the role of Vitamin B12 in the body? - <<<<CORRECT ANSWERS>>>DNA
synthesis and myelin formation.
