JFMED entrance exam – Biology ACTUAL EXAM
2026/2027 AND HIGH YIELD PRACTICE QUESTIONS
COMPLETE ACCURATE EXAM APPROVED QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS (100%
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS) CURRENTLY
UPDATED VERSION 2026 EDITION
What is osmosis?
ANSWERS: Net movement of water across a selectively
permeable membrane toward the side with more effective
non-penetrating solute.
What are aquaporins?
ANSWERS: Membrane channels that allow rapid water movement.
What is tonicity?
ANSWERS: The effect of an external solution on cell volume.
What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?
ANSWERS: Water leaves the cell.
What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?
ANSWERS: Water enters the cell.
What happens to a cell in an isotonic solution?
ANSWERS: There is no net change in cell volume.
,What happens to an animal cell in a hypotonic solution?
ANSWERS: It swells and may lyse.
What is lysis?
ANSWERS: Bursting of a cell.
What happens to an animal cell in a hypertonic solution?
ANSWERS: It loses water and shrinks.
What is crenation?
ANSWERS: Shrinking of a red blood cell in a hypertonic solution.
What happens to a plant cell in a hypotonic solution?
ANSWERS: It becomes turgid as water enters and the central
vacuole expands.
Why do plant cells usually not burst in hypotonic solutions?
ANSWERS: The rigid cell wall resists expansion.
What happens to a plant cell in an isotonic solution?
ANSWERS: It becomes relatively flaccid.
What happens to a plant cell in a hypertonic solution?
ANSWERS: It loses water and undergoes plasmolysis.
,What is plasmolysis?
ANSWERS: The plasma membrane pulls away from the plant cell
wall after water loss.
What is primary active transport?
ANSWERS: Transport that uses ATP directly.
What does the sodium-potassium pump transport per ATP?
ANSWERS: Three Na⁺ out and two K⁺ in.
Why is the sodium-potassium pump important?
ANSWERS: It maintains Na⁺ and K⁺ gradients and contributes to
membrane potential.
What is secondary active transport?
ANSWERS: Transport powered indirectly by an ion gradient
created by primary active transport.
What is a symporter?
ANSWERS: A transporter that moves two substances in the same
direction.
What is an antiporter?
ANSWERS: A transporter that moves two substances in opposite
directions.
, How can sodium drive glucose uptake?
ANSWERS: Na⁺ moves down its gradient and provides energy
to move glucose against its gradient.
What is bulk transport?
ANSWERS: Energy-dependent movement of material using vesicles.
What is endocytosis?
ANSWERS: Vesicular transport that brings material into the cell.
What are the basic steps of endocytosis?
ANSWERS: Membrane contact, inward bending, enclosure,
fusion of membrane edges and vesicle entry.
What is phagocytosis?
ANSWERS: Uptake of large solid particles.
What is a phagosome?
ANSWERS: A large vesicle containing a particle taken up by
phagocytosis.
What may happen after a phagosome forms?
ANSWERS: It may fuse with a lysosome for digestion.
Which immune cells commonly perform phagocytosis?
ANSWERS: Macrophages and neutrophils.
2026/2027 AND HIGH YIELD PRACTICE QUESTIONS
COMPLETE ACCURATE EXAM APPROVED QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS (100%
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS) CURRENTLY
UPDATED VERSION 2026 EDITION
What is osmosis?
ANSWERS: Net movement of water across a selectively
permeable membrane toward the side with more effective
non-penetrating solute.
What are aquaporins?
ANSWERS: Membrane channels that allow rapid water movement.
What is tonicity?
ANSWERS: The effect of an external solution on cell volume.
What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?
ANSWERS: Water leaves the cell.
What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?
ANSWERS: Water enters the cell.
What happens to a cell in an isotonic solution?
ANSWERS: There is no net change in cell volume.
,What happens to an animal cell in a hypotonic solution?
ANSWERS: It swells and may lyse.
What is lysis?
ANSWERS: Bursting of a cell.
What happens to an animal cell in a hypertonic solution?
ANSWERS: It loses water and shrinks.
What is crenation?
ANSWERS: Shrinking of a red blood cell in a hypertonic solution.
What happens to a plant cell in a hypotonic solution?
ANSWERS: It becomes turgid as water enters and the central
vacuole expands.
Why do plant cells usually not burst in hypotonic solutions?
ANSWERS: The rigid cell wall resists expansion.
What happens to a plant cell in an isotonic solution?
ANSWERS: It becomes relatively flaccid.
What happens to a plant cell in a hypertonic solution?
ANSWERS: It loses water and undergoes plasmolysis.
,What is plasmolysis?
ANSWERS: The plasma membrane pulls away from the plant cell
wall after water loss.
What is primary active transport?
ANSWERS: Transport that uses ATP directly.
What does the sodium-potassium pump transport per ATP?
ANSWERS: Three Na⁺ out and two K⁺ in.
Why is the sodium-potassium pump important?
ANSWERS: It maintains Na⁺ and K⁺ gradients and contributes to
membrane potential.
What is secondary active transport?
ANSWERS: Transport powered indirectly by an ion gradient
created by primary active transport.
What is a symporter?
ANSWERS: A transporter that moves two substances in the same
direction.
What is an antiporter?
ANSWERS: A transporter that moves two substances in opposite
directions.
, How can sodium drive glucose uptake?
ANSWERS: Na⁺ moves down its gradient and provides energy
to move glucose against its gradient.
What is bulk transport?
ANSWERS: Energy-dependent movement of material using vesicles.
What is endocytosis?
ANSWERS: Vesicular transport that brings material into the cell.
What are the basic steps of endocytosis?
ANSWERS: Membrane contact, inward bending, enclosure,
fusion of membrane edges and vesicle entry.
What is phagocytosis?
ANSWERS: Uptake of large solid particles.
What is a phagosome?
ANSWERS: A large vesicle containing a particle taken up by
phagocytosis.
What may happen after a phagosome forms?
ANSWERS: It may fuse with a lysosome for digestion.
Which immune cells commonly perform phagocytosis?
ANSWERS: Macrophages and neutrophils.
