Biology: Kosice Entrance TEST BANK PRACTICE
QUESTIONS EXAM 2026/2027 AND HIGH YIELD PRACTICE
QUESTIONS COMPLETE ACCURATE EXAM APPROVED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS (100%
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS) CURRENTLY UPDATED
VERSION 2026 EDITION
How many subunits are ribosomes composed of?
ANSWERS: Ribosomes are made from complexes of RNA's and proteins
(ribonucleoproteins). Each ribosome is divided into two subunits: a
smaller subunit and a larger subunit. These subunits usually exist
separately in the cytoplasm until the small subunit recognises and binds
to a specific sequence of mRNA. The larger subunit then binds to the
tRNA, amino acids and smaller subunit.
Pharynx
ANSWERS: Part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity, above
the oesophagus and larynx (tubes that go to the stomach and lungs
respectively).
Larynx
ANSWERS: The voice box. Organ at the top of the neck involved in
breathing,
producing sound and protecting the trachea against food aspiration
Is the larynx associated with the upper or lower airways?
ANSWERS: Lower
,Trachea
ANSWERS: Windpipe. Tube about 4 inches long and less than 1 inch
in diameter. Begins below the larynx and runs behind the sternum
before dividing into two smaller tubes called bronchi (one bronchus
per lung)
Glottis
ANSWERS: Part of the larynx consisting of vocal cords and the opening
between them. Affects voice moderation through expansion or
contraction.
Thylakoids
ANSWERS: The flattened sacs inside a chloroplast, bounded by pigmented
membranes on which the light reactions of photosynthesis take place.
These sacks are arranged into stacks or grana
Where does rough endoplasmic reticulum get its name?
ANSWERS: Surface is dotted with ribosomes which are smaller than
endoplasmic reticulum. They cling to ER giving it a 'rough' appearance
under a
microscope
What is the function of Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
ANSWERS: Synthesis of cellular products like hormones and lipids,
detoxification of harmful metabolic by-product, and the storage and
metabolism of
calcium ions within the cell
Where does smooth endoplasmic reticulum get its name?
ANSWERS: It is without ribosomes
,What is the function of endoplasmic reticulum
ANSWERS: Works with ribosomes. Ribosomes produce proteins, some of
which are subsequently sent to the endoplasmic reticulum for further folding
into 3 dimensional shapes so that they can function properly
Golgi apparatus
ANSWERS: Complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the
cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells.
Function of Golgi apparatus
ANSWERS: Modification, sorting and packaging of proteins for secretion.
Involved in the transport of lipids and proteins around the cell and the
creation of lysosomes.
What are the sacs or folds in Golgi apparatus called?
ANSWERS: Cisternae
What are the 4 levels of protein folding?
ANSWERS: Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary
Primary structure
ANSWERS: Sequence of amino acid in a polypeptide chain (held
together by peptide bonds)
Secondary structure
ANSWERS: Polypeptide chain folded into alpha helices and beta sheets
, Tertiary structure
ANSWERS: Polypeptide folded into a 3-dimensional structure
Quaternary structure
ANSWERS: Multiple tertiary structure poly peptides
Transcription
ANSWERS: First step in gene expression where a gene's DNA is copied to
make an mRNA molecule. This is performed by RNA polymerase which
links
nucleotides to form an mRNA strand, using the DNA strand as a template.
Product: mRNA
Translation
ANSWERS: The process of translating an mRNA molecule to a sequence
of amino acids during protein synthesis. As the ribosome reads the
mRNA it
produces tRNA (transfer ribonucleic acid). tRNA then finds the
appropriate amino acid and transports it back to the ribosome. The
ribosome connects the amino acids, producing a protein. Further protein
folding may occur at the endoplasmic reticulum.
SNP
ANSWERS: Singly nucleotide polymorphism. DNA sequence when a single
nucleotide (A, T, C, or G) differs between members of a species or paired
chromosomes of an individual.
Signal sequence
ANSWERS: Pattern created as the amino acids are being put together in
the ribosome
QUESTIONS EXAM 2026/2027 AND HIGH YIELD PRACTICE
QUESTIONS COMPLETE ACCURATE EXAM APPROVED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS (100%
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS) CURRENTLY UPDATED
VERSION 2026 EDITION
How many subunits are ribosomes composed of?
ANSWERS: Ribosomes are made from complexes of RNA's and proteins
(ribonucleoproteins). Each ribosome is divided into two subunits: a
smaller subunit and a larger subunit. These subunits usually exist
separately in the cytoplasm until the small subunit recognises and binds
to a specific sequence of mRNA. The larger subunit then binds to the
tRNA, amino acids and smaller subunit.
Pharynx
ANSWERS: Part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity, above
the oesophagus and larynx (tubes that go to the stomach and lungs
respectively).
Larynx
ANSWERS: The voice box. Organ at the top of the neck involved in
breathing,
producing sound and protecting the trachea against food aspiration
Is the larynx associated with the upper or lower airways?
ANSWERS: Lower
,Trachea
ANSWERS: Windpipe. Tube about 4 inches long and less than 1 inch
in diameter. Begins below the larynx and runs behind the sternum
before dividing into two smaller tubes called bronchi (one bronchus
per lung)
Glottis
ANSWERS: Part of the larynx consisting of vocal cords and the opening
between them. Affects voice moderation through expansion or
contraction.
Thylakoids
ANSWERS: The flattened sacs inside a chloroplast, bounded by pigmented
membranes on which the light reactions of photosynthesis take place.
These sacks are arranged into stacks or grana
Where does rough endoplasmic reticulum get its name?
ANSWERS: Surface is dotted with ribosomes which are smaller than
endoplasmic reticulum. They cling to ER giving it a 'rough' appearance
under a
microscope
What is the function of Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
ANSWERS: Synthesis of cellular products like hormones and lipids,
detoxification of harmful metabolic by-product, and the storage and
metabolism of
calcium ions within the cell
Where does smooth endoplasmic reticulum get its name?
ANSWERS: It is without ribosomes
,What is the function of endoplasmic reticulum
ANSWERS: Works with ribosomes. Ribosomes produce proteins, some of
which are subsequently sent to the endoplasmic reticulum for further folding
into 3 dimensional shapes so that they can function properly
Golgi apparatus
ANSWERS: Complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the
cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells.
Function of Golgi apparatus
ANSWERS: Modification, sorting and packaging of proteins for secretion.
Involved in the transport of lipids and proteins around the cell and the
creation of lysosomes.
What are the sacs or folds in Golgi apparatus called?
ANSWERS: Cisternae
What are the 4 levels of protein folding?
ANSWERS: Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary
Primary structure
ANSWERS: Sequence of amino acid in a polypeptide chain (held
together by peptide bonds)
Secondary structure
ANSWERS: Polypeptide chain folded into alpha helices and beta sheets
, Tertiary structure
ANSWERS: Polypeptide folded into a 3-dimensional structure
Quaternary structure
ANSWERS: Multiple tertiary structure poly peptides
Transcription
ANSWERS: First step in gene expression where a gene's DNA is copied to
make an mRNA molecule. This is performed by RNA polymerase which
links
nucleotides to form an mRNA strand, using the DNA strand as a template.
Product: mRNA
Translation
ANSWERS: The process of translating an mRNA molecule to a sequence
of amino acids during protein synthesis. As the ribosome reads the
mRNA it
produces tRNA (transfer ribonucleic acid). tRNA then finds the
appropriate amino acid and transports it back to the ribosome. The
ribosome connects the amino acids, producing a protein. Further protein
folding may occur at the endoplasmic reticulum.
SNP
ANSWERS: Singly nucleotide polymorphism. DNA sequence when a single
nucleotide (A, T, C, or G) differs between members of a species or paired
chromosomes of an individual.
Signal sequence
ANSWERS: Pattern created as the amino acids are being put together in
the ribosome
