Well Child + Development + Screening

What is Turner syndrome? 45 X Short stature Webbed neck Primary amenorrhea What is Down syndrome? Trisomy 21 Hypotonia Characteristic facial features Congenital heart disease What prenatal test screens for common aneuploidies? Cell free fetal DNA When is chorionic villus sampling performed? 10-13 weeks When is amniocentesis performed? 15-20 weeks What is the normal newborn heart rate? 100-160 bpm What is the normal newborn respiratory rate? 30-60 breaths per minute How many arteries and veins are in a normal umbilical cord? Two arteries One vein What is vernix caseosa? Protective white coating on the skin What is acrocyanosis? Blue hands and feet Normal after birth What does generalized cyanosis suggest in a newborn? Hypoxemia Requires evaluation What is assessed with the red reflex? Congenital cataracts Retinoblastoma When does the posterior fontanelle close? 1-2 months When does the anterior fontanelle close? 12-18 months What does a bulging fontanelle suggest? ↑ Intracranial pressure What does a sunken fontanelle suggest? Dehydration What is the rooting reflex? Turns toward cheek stimulation Helps with feeding What is the sucking reflex? Coordinates sucking and swallowing What is the Moro reflex? Arms extend then flex after sudden stimulation What is the palmar grasp reflex? Grasps an object placed in the palm What does APGAR assess? Appearance Pulse Grimace Activity Respiration When is the APGAR score performed? 1 minute 5 minutes What medications are routinely given after birth? Vitamin K Erythromycin eye ointment Hepatitis B vaccine Why is vitamin K given to newborns? Prevents hemorrhagic disease of the newborn Why is erythromycin eye ointment given? Prevents gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum When should breastfeeding begin? Within 1 hour after birth When should formula feeding begin? Within 3 hours after birth What are the benefits of breastfeeding? Tailored nutrition Immune protection Easier digestion ↓ Infection risk ↓ SIDS risk What is the hearing screening 1-3-6 rule? Screen by 1 month Diagnose by 3 months Intervene by 6 months What does the newborn metabolic screen detect? Inherited metabolic disorders Endocrine disorders Genetic disorders What conditions are included on the newborn screen? PKU Congenital hypothyroidism CAH Sickle cell disease Cystic fibrosis SCID When is the newborn metabolic screen performed? 24-48 hours after birth