Which of the following is the most important acoustic cue that distinguishes between an un-
released final /p/ and an unreleased final /b/, as in cap versus cab?
A. Locus frequency of burst
B. Voice onset time
C. Vocal fundamental frequency
D. Duration of the preceding vowel
ANSWER
D. Duration of the preceding vowel
- vowel duration influences a listener's perception of voicing
- vowels that precede unreleased voiced stop consonants are as much as 1.5x as long as
vowels that precede voiceless stops
Fela is a third-grade student in a public school. She is a speaker of African American Vernacu-
lar English (AAVE) who has difficulty with the Standard American English (SAE) dialect used
in her classroom. Her teacher believes that Fela's language skills are affecting her academic
performance and has referred her to the school's speech-language pathologist. Which of the
following is an appropriate rationale for providing language intervention for Fela?
Select all that apply.
A.It will likely foster better communication with Fela's linguistically and culturally diverse
peers.
B.It will likely improve Fela's code-switching ability with her teacher and other adult speak-
ers of SAE.
C.It may expand Fela's later academic and vocational opportunities.
D.It will likely lead Fela to adopt SAE as her primary dialect.
1
,ANSWER
A, B, C
Primary motor innveration to the larynx and velum is provided by which cranial nerve?
ANSWER
Cranial nerve X (Vagus)
This investigation was motivated by observations that when persons with dysarthria increase
loudness, their speech improves. Some studies have indicated that this improvement may be
related to an increase of prosodic variation. Studies have reported an increase of fundamen-
tal frequency (F0) variation with increased loudness, but there has been no examination of
the relation of loudness manipulation to specific prosodic variables that are known to aid a
listener in parsing out meaningful information. This study examined the relation of vocal
loudness production to selected acoustic variables known to inform listeners of phrase and
sentence boundaries: specifically, F0 declination and final-word lengthening. Ten young,
healthy women were audio-recorded while they read aloud a paragraph at what each con-
sidered normal loudness, twice-normal loudness, and half-normal loudness. Results showed
that there was a statistically
ANSWER
C. Vocal loudness
A client exhibits weakness, atrophy, and fasciculation's of the right side of the tongue and
lower face. The client also has right vocal-fold weakness and nasal regurgitation of fluid
when swallowing. These problems are the result of damage to which part of the nervous
system?
A. Brain stem
B. Cerebellum
C. Left cerebral cortex
D. Right cerebral cortex
ANSWER
2
,A. Brain stem
- Weakness, atrophy, fasciculation's, and the other described symptoms are all consistent
with lower motor neurone locus and suspected cranial nerve abnormalities, which emerge
directly from the brainstem.
Hearing loss in infants who are born with a cleft palate is usually related to which of the fol-
lowing?
A. The infant's ability to create positive pressure in the oral cavity
B. Malformation of the middle-ear ossicles associated with malformation of the palate
C. Eustachian tube dysfunction
D. Cochlear dysfunction
ANSWER
C. Eustachian tube dysfunction
- Eustachian tube dysfunction, a major factor contributing to middle-ear disease and conduc-
tive hearing loss, is nearly universal in infants with cleft palate
Language intervention for a child at the one-word stage should be most strongly influenced
by a consideration of the child's
A. motor skills
B. cognitive skills
C. syntactic skills
D. articulation skills
ANSWER
B. cognitive skills
- the cognitive skills at the one-word stage will most strongly influence the child's speech-
language responses
3
, A single exposure of several hours duration to continuous music with an overall level of 100
dB SPL will most likely produce
A.tinnitus and a temporary threshold shift in high frequencies
B.tinnitus and a distortion of speech perception
C.a temporary threshold shift in the low frequencies
D.a permanent threshold shift
ANSWER
A. tinnitus and a temporary threshold shift in high frequencies
After sustaining a CVA, Ms. Williams, age 75, was referred to an SLP for a speech and lan-
guage evaluation. While Ms. Williams was describing the cookie-theft picture, the SLP ob-
served that her grammatical structure appeared to be intact and her prosody was normal
but that many of her sentences were meaningless, did not fit the context, and included non-
sensical paraphasic errors. Additional testing also revealed that Ms. Williams exhibited poor
repetition and naming skills, did not respond appropriately to many simple commands, and
had difficulty reading. Ms. Williams appeared happy and talked excessively. She did not ap-
pear to be aware of her communication deficits. What is the most likely location of the le-
sion?
A.Left posterior superior temporal gyrus
B.Left inferior frontal gyrus
C.Left superior frontal gyrus
D.Left inferior parietal gyrus
ANSWER
A. Left posterior superior temporal gyrus
An SLP who is treating an adolescent who stutters designs a treatment plan that includes
three fluency management strategies: prolonged speech, cancellation, and pullout.
Which of the following is true about the use of these treatment strategies?
4
released final /p/ and an unreleased final /b/, as in cap versus cab?
A. Locus frequency of burst
B. Voice onset time
C. Vocal fundamental frequency
D. Duration of the preceding vowel
ANSWER
D. Duration of the preceding vowel
- vowel duration influences a listener's perception of voicing
- vowels that precede unreleased voiced stop consonants are as much as 1.5x as long as
vowels that precede voiceless stops
Fela is a third-grade student in a public school. She is a speaker of African American Vernacu-
lar English (AAVE) who has difficulty with the Standard American English (SAE) dialect used
in her classroom. Her teacher believes that Fela's language skills are affecting her academic
performance and has referred her to the school's speech-language pathologist. Which of the
following is an appropriate rationale for providing language intervention for Fela?
Select all that apply.
A.It will likely foster better communication with Fela's linguistically and culturally diverse
peers.
B.It will likely improve Fela's code-switching ability with her teacher and other adult speak-
ers of SAE.
C.It may expand Fela's later academic and vocational opportunities.
D.It will likely lead Fela to adopt SAE as her primary dialect.
1
,ANSWER
A, B, C
Primary motor innveration to the larynx and velum is provided by which cranial nerve?
ANSWER
Cranial nerve X (Vagus)
This investigation was motivated by observations that when persons with dysarthria increase
loudness, their speech improves. Some studies have indicated that this improvement may be
related to an increase of prosodic variation. Studies have reported an increase of fundamen-
tal frequency (F0) variation with increased loudness, but there has been no examination of
the relation of loudness manipulation to specific prosodic variables that are known to aid a
listener in parsing out meaningful information. This study examined the relation of vocal
loudness production to selected acoustic variables known to inform listeners of phrase and
sentence boundaries: specifically, F0 declination and final-word lengthening. Ten young,
healthy women were audio-recorded while they read aloud a paragraph at what each con-
sidered normal loudness, twice-normal loudness, and half-normal loudness. Results showed
that there was a statistically
ANSWER
C. Vocal loudness
A client exhibits weakness, atrophy, and fasciculation's of the right side of the tongue and
lower face. The client also has right vocal-fold weakness and nasal regurgitation of fluid
when swallowing. These problems are the result of damage to which part of the nervous
system?
A. Brain stem
B. Cerebellum
C. Left cerebral cortex
D. Right cerebral cortex
ANSWER
2
,A. Brain stem
- Weakness, atrophy, fasciculation's, and the other described symptoms are all consistent
with lower motor neurone locus and suspected cranial nerve abnormalities, which emerge
directly from the brainstem.
Hearing loss in infants who are born with a cleft palate is usually related to which of the fol-
lowing?
A. The infant's ability to create positive pressure in the oral cavity
B. Malformation of the middle-ear ossicles associated with malformation of the palate
C. Eustachian tube dysfunction
D. Cochlear dysfunction
ANSWER
C. Eustachian tube dysfunction
- Eustachian tube dysfunction, a major factor contributing to middle-ear disease and conduc-
tive hearing loss, is nearly universal in infants with cleft palate
Language intervention for a child at the one-word stage should be most strongly influenced
by a consideration of the child's
A. motor skills
B. cognitive skills
C. syntactic skills
D. articulation skills
ANSWER
B. cognitive skills
- the cognitive skills at the one-word stage will most strongly influence the child's speech-
language responses
3
, A single exposure of several hours duration to continuous music with an overall level of 100
dB SPL will most likely produce
A.tinnitus and a temporary threshold shift in high frequencies
B.tinnitus and a distortion of speech perception
C.a temporary threshold shift in the low frequencies
D.a permanent threshold shift
ANSWER
A. tinnitus and a temporary threshold shift in high frequencies
After sustaining a CVA, Ms. Williams, age 75, was referred to an SLP for a speech and lan-
guage evaluation. While Ms. Williams was describing the cookie-theft picture, the SLP ob-
served that her grammatical structure appeared to be intact and her prosody was normal
but that many of her sentences were meaningless, did not fit the context, and included non-
sensical paraphasic errors. Additional testing also revealed that Ms. Williams exhibited poor
repetition and naming skills, did not respond appropriately to many simple commands, and
had difficulty reading. Ms. Williams appeared happy and talked excessively. She did not ap-
pear to be aware of her communication deficits. What is the most likely location of the le-
sion?
A.Left posterior superior temporal gyrus
B.Left inferior frontal gyrus
C.Left superior frontal gyrus
D.Left inferior parietal gyrus
ANSWER
A. Left posterior superior temporal gyrus
An SLP who is treating an adolescent who stutters designs a treatment plan that includes
three fluency management strategies: prolonged speech, cancellation, and pullout.
Which of the following is true about the use of these treatment strategies?
4
