[2026/2027] | UPDATED ACTUAL Exam |
Complete Exam Prep
• Chester Barnard . CORRECT ANSWER: •Formal organization—system of
consciously coordinated activities of 2 or more
-Believed that authority should come from the bottom up
-Put emphasis on importance of human element in organization
• Open-Systems . CORRECT ANSWER: System made up of interacting parts
from external environment
• Contingency Approach . CORRECT ANSWER: •No single best way to
organize; design must be fitted to existing environmental conditions
• ecological approach . CORRECT ANSWER: -challenges contingency approach
-survival of the fittest process
-says there is a process of organizational selection and replacement
• Organizational Learning . CORRECT ANSWER: Emphasizes innovation and
creativity over adapting change
• Types of Learning Organizations - Chris Argyris . CORRECT ANSWER: -
Single Loop -improving organization's capacity to achieve known objectives
(routine and behavioral learning)
-learning without significant change in basic assumptions
, -Double Loop - reevaluating objectives and the beliefs surrounding them (changing
the organizational culture)
Consists of organization's learning how to learn
• Characteristics of a Learning Organization - Peter Senge . CORRECT
ANSWER: •Presence of Tension—creative tension (motivation to learn)
•Systems Thinking—shared vision and openness to new ideas
•Culture—high value placed on process of learning
• Organizational Behavior in Learning Organization - Peter Senge . CORRECT
ANSWER: •Adaptive learning—employees simply react to environmental changes
with standard responses leading to short-term solutions
•Generative learning—employees examine effect of decisions and change behavior
as needed
-more than adapting to change
• Cultural Values in a Learning Organization . CORRECT ANSWER: •Everyone
has useful ideas and closest to problem usually have best
•Learning flows up and down and new ideas are important and should encouraged
and rewarded
•Mistakes are learning opportunities
• Traditional vs Learning: Determination of overall direction . CORRECT
ANSWER: Traditional
Vision is provided by top management.
Learning