NUR 505 Exam 2 Question and Answer
[2026/2027] | UPDATED ACTUAL Exam |
Ultimate Study Guide
• Tricuspid Valve . CORRECT ANSWER: Located between the right atrium and
right ventricle. Opens during diastole to allow blood flow from the right atrium to
the right ventricle and closes during systole to prevent backflow.
• Mitral Valve . CORRECT ANSWER: Located between the left atrium and left
ventricle. Opens during diastole and closes during systole to prevent blood from
flowing back into the left atrium.
• Pulmonic Valve . CORRECT ANSWER: Semilunar valve located between the
right ventricle and pulmonary artery. Opens during systole to allow blood flow into
the pulmonary artery and closes during diastole.
• Aortic Valve . CORRECT ANSWER: Semilunar valve located between the left
ventricle and aorta. Opens during systole and closes during diastole.
• Order of Cardiac Valves . CORRECT ANSWER: Tricuspid → Pulmonic →
Mitral → Aortic.
• Systole . CORRECT ANSWER: Phase of the cardiac cycle during which the
ventricles contract and eject blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery.
• Diastole . CORRECT ANSWER: Phase during which the ventricles relax and fill
with blood from the atria.
,• S1 . CORRECT ANSWER: First heart sound ('lub') caused by closure of the
mitral and tricuspid valves at the beginning of systole.
• S2 . CORRECT ANSWER: Second heart sound ('dub') caused by closure of the
aortic and pulmonic valves.
• A2 . CORRECT ANSWER: Aortic valve component of S2.
• P2 . CORRECT ANSWER: Pulmonic valve component of S2.
• Split S2 . CORRECT ANSWER: Audible separation of A2 and P2.
• S3 . CORRECT ANSWER: Third heart sound occurring during rapid ventricular
filling in early diastole.
• S4 . CORRECT ANSWER: Fourth heart sound occurring during atrial
contraction near the end of diastole.
• Apical Impulse . CORRECT ANSWER: Visible or palpable impulse produced
by left ventricular contraction. Usually located in the fifth left intercostal space at
the midclavicular line.
• PMI (Point of Maximal Impulse) . CORRECT ANSWER: Point where the apical
impulse is most strongly felt, normally at the fifth left intercostal space,
midclavicular line.
• Hyperdynamic PMI . CORRECT ANSWER: PMI that is more vigorous than
expected.
,• Thrill . CORRECT ANSWER: Palpable vibration felt over the precordium.
• Sinoatrial (SA) Node . CORRECT ANSWER: Natural pacemaker located in the
wall of the right atrium.
• Atrioventricular (AV) Node . CORRECT ANSWER: Located in the atrial
septum. Receives impulses from the atria and delays transmission before sending
impulses to the ventricles.
• Bundle of His . CORRECT ANSWER: Conducting pathway carrying impulses
from the AV node to the ventricles.
• Purkinje Fibers . CORRECT ANSWER: Specialized ventricular conduction
fibers.
• P Wave . CORRECT ANSWER: Atrial depolarization.
• PR Interval . CORRECT ANSWER: Time from initial atrial stimulation to initial
ventricular stimulation; normally 0.12-0.20 seconds.
• QRS Complex . CORRECT ANSWER: Ventricular depolarization; normally
less than 0.12 seconds.
• T Wave . CORRECT ANSWER: Ventricular repolarization.
• QT Interval . CORRECT ANSWER: Time from onset of ventricular
depolarization to completion of ventricular repolarization.
, • Foramen Ovale . CORRECT ANSWER: Fetal opening allowing blood flow
from the right atrium to the left atrium.
• Ductus Arteriosus . CORRECT ANSWER: Fetal vessel that shunts blood from
the pulmonary artery into systemic circulation.
• Infant Heart Position . CORRECT ANSWER: More horizontal than an adult
heart; apex may be located in the fourth left intercostal space.
• Pregnancy Blood Volume Changes . CORRECT ANSWER: Blood volume
increases 40-50% above prepregnancy levels.
• Pregnancy Cardiac Output Changes . CORRECT ANSWER: Cardiac output
increases approximately 30-40% and peaks around 25-32 weeks gestation.
• Pregnancy Heart Position . CORRECT ANSWER: Enlarging uterus elevates the
diaphragm, causing the heart to assume a more horizontal position with slight axis
rotation.
• Age-Related Cardiac Changes . CORRECT ANSWER: Left ventricular wall
thickens; valves fibrose and calcify; endocardium thickens; myocardium becomes
less elastic.
• Cardiac Output in Older Adults . CORRECT ANSWER: Exercise cardiac output
decreases 30-40%.
• SA Node Fibrosis . CORRECT ANSWER: Age-related fibrosis and sclerosis
affecting the conduction system.
[2026/2027] | UPDATED ACTUAL Exam |
Ultimate Study Guide
• Tricuspid Valve . CORRECT ANSWER: Located between the right atrium and
right ventricle. Opens during diastole to allow blood flow from the right atrium to
the right ventricle and closes during systole to prevent backflow.
• Mitral Valve . CORRECT ANSWER: Located between the left atrium and left
ventricle. Opens during diastole and closes during systole to prevent blood from
flowing back into the left atrium.
• Pulmonic Valve . CORRECT ANSWER: Semilunar valve located between the
right ventricle and pulmonary artery. Opens during systole to allow blood flow into
the pulmonary artery and closes during diastole.
• Aortic Valve . CORRECT ANSWER: Semilunar valve located between the left
ventricle and aorta. Opens during systole and closes during diastole.
• Order of Cardiac Valves . CORRECT ANSWER: Tricuspid → Pulmonic →
Mitral → Aortic.
• Systole . CORRECT ANSWER: Phase of the cardiac cycle during which the
ventricles contract and eject blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery.
• Diastole . CORRECT ANSWER: Phase during which the ventricles relax and fill
with blood from the atria.
,• S1 . CORRECT ANSWER: First heart sound ('lub') caused by closure of the
mitral and tricuspid valves at the beginning of systole.
• S2 . CORRECT ANSWER: Second heart sound ('dub') caused by closure of the
aortic and pulmonic valves.
• A2 . CORRECT ANSWER: Aortic valve component of S2.
• P2 . CORRECT ANSWER: Pulmonic valve component of S2.
• Split S2 . CORRECT ANSWER: Audible separation of A2 and P2.
• S3 . CORRECT ANSWER: Third heart sound occurring during rapid ventricular
filling in early diastole.
• S4 . CORRECT ANSWER: Fourth heart sound occurring during atrial
contraction near the end of diastole.
• Apical Impulse . CORRECT ANSWER: Visible or palpable impulse produced
by left ventricular contraction. Usually located in the fifth left intercostal space at
the midclavicular line.
• PMI (Point of Maximal Impulse) . CORRECT ANSWER: Point where the apical
impulse is most strongly felt, normally at the fifth left intercostal space,
midclavicular line.
• Hyperdynamic PMI . CORRECT ANSWER: PMI that is more vigorous than
expected.
,• Thrill . CORRECT ANSWER: Palpable vibration felt over the precordium.
• Sinoatrial (SA) Node . CORRECT ANSWER: Natural pacemaker located in the
wall of the right atrium.
• Atrioventricular (AV) Node . CORRECT ANSWER: Located in the atrial
septum. Receives impulses from the atria and delays transmission before sending
impulses to the ventricles.
• Bundle of His . CORRECT ANSWER: Conducting pathway carrying impulses
from the AV node to the ventricles.
• Purkinje Fibers . CORRECT ANSWER: Specialized ventricular conduction
fibers.
• P Wave . CORRECT ANSWER: Atrial depolarization.
• PR Interval . CORRECT ANSWER: Time from initial atrial stimulation to initial
ventricular stimulation; normally 0.12-0.20 seconds.
• QRS Complex . CORRECT ANSWER: Ventricular depolarization; normally
less than 0.12 seconds.
• T Wave . CORRECT ANSWER: Ventricular repolarization.
• QT Interval . CORRECT ANSWER: Time from onset of ventricular
depolarization to completion of ventricular repolarization.
, • Foramen Ovale . CORRECT ANSWER: Fetal opening allowing blood flow
from the right atrium to the left atrium.
• Ductus Arteriosus . CORRECT ANSWER: Fetal vessel that shunts blood from
the pulmonary artery into systemic circulation.
• Infant Heart Position . CORRECT ANSWER: More horizontal than an adult
heart; apex may be located in the fourth left intercostal space.
• Pregnancy Blood Volume Changes . CORRECT ANSWER: Blood volume
increases 40-50% above prepregnancy levels.
• Pregnancy Cardiac Output Changes . CORRECT ANSWER: Cardiac output
increases approximately 30-40% and peaks around 25-32 weeks gestation.
• Pregnancy Heart Position . CORRECT ANSWER: Enlarging uterus elevates the
diaphragm, causing the heart to assume a more horizontal position with slight axis
rotation.
• Age-Related Cardiac Changes . CORRECT ANSWER: Left ventricular wall
thickens; valves fibrose and calcify; endocardium thickens; myocardium becomes
less elastic.
• Cardiac Output in Older Adults . CORRECT ANSWER: Exercise cardiac output
decreases 30-40%.
• SA Node Fibrosis . CORRECT ANSWER: Age-related fibrosis and sclerosis
affecting the conduction system.
