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NURS5433 MIDTERM EXAM
2026/2027 NEWEST UPDATE
1. A fluorescien stain is used to diagnose:
A. Corneal abrasion
B. Blepharitis
C. Cataracts
D. Macular degeneration
Answer: A. Corneal abrasion
Rationale: Fluorescein stain is a diagnostic dye used to highlight irregularities on
the corneal surface. When applied to the eye, it pools in areas where the
protective epithelial layer is damaged, such as a corneal abrasion. Under a cobalt
blue light, these damaged areas fluoresce green, making them easily visible to
the clinician. It is not used to diagnose inflammations of the eyelid (blepharitis),
opacities of the lens (cataracts), or retinal disorders (macular degeneration).
2. The presence of TPO (thyroid peroxidase antibodies) indicated what
endocrine condition?
A. Hypothyroidism
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Subclinical hypothyroidism
D. Hashimoto Thyroiditis
E. Idiopathic hypothyroidism
Answer: D. Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Rationale: Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies are autoantibodies that attack
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an enzyme crucial for the production of thyroid hormone. Their presence in the
blood is a primary indicator of an autoimmune attack on the thyroid gland.
While they can be elevated in other autoimmune thyroid conditions, they are the
hallmark serologic finding in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, which is the most common
cause of hypothyroidism in the United States. The presence of TPO antibodies
confirms the autoimmune etiology, distinguishing Hashimoto's from other forms
of hypothyroidism.
3. Emily has chronic dry eye. The doctor suggested using Cyclosporine
ophthalmic emulsion for her eye but it did not work. Which of the
following should the NP consider trying next? SATA
A. Topical corticosteroids
B. Systemic anti-inflammatory agents
C. Surgery
D. Autologous serum
E. Systemic omega 3 fatty acids
F. Impermanent punctal occlusion
G. Refer to an ophthalmologist
Answer: D. Autologous serum, F. Impermanent punctal occlusion, G. Refer to an
ophthalmologist
Rationale: Cyclosporine is a level 2 treatment for dry eye disease. When it fails,
the next step is to progress to level 3 therapies. Autologous serum eye drops
contain growth factors and vitamins that promote corneal health. Impermanent
punctal occlusion helps conserve the patient's own tears by blocking the
drainage ducts. Given the failure of a standard prescription therapy and the
NURS5433 MIDTERM EXAM
2026/2027 NEWEST UPDATE
1. A fluorescien stain is used to diagnose:
A. Corneal abrasion
B. Blepharitis
C. Cataracts
D. Macular degeneration
Answer: A. Corneal abrasion
Rationale: Fluorescein stain is a diagnostic dye used to highlight irregularities on
the corneal surface. When applied to the eye, it pools in areas where the
protective epithelial layer is damaged, such as a corneal abrasion. Under a cobalt
blue light, these damaged areas fluoresce green, making them easily visible to
the clinician. It is not used to diagnose inflammations of the eyelid (blepharitis),
opacities of the lens (cataracts), or retinal disorders (macular degeneration).
2. The presence of TPO (thyroid peroxidase antibodies) indicated what
endocrine condition?
A. Hypothyroidism
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Subclinical hypothyroidism
D. Hashimoto Thyroiditis
E. Idiopathic hypothyroidism
Answer: D. Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Rationale: Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies are autoantibodies that attack
, 2
an enzyme crucial for the production of thyroid hormone. Their presence in the
blood is a primary indicator of an autoimmune attack on the thyroid gland.
While they can be elevated in other autoimmune thyroid conditions, they are the
hallmark serologic finding in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, which is the most common
cause of hypothyroidism in the United States. The presence of TPO antibodies
confirms the autoimmune etiology, distinguishing Hashimoto's from other forms
of hypothyroidism.
3. Emily has chronic dry eye. The doctor suggested using Cyclosporine
ophthalmic emulsion for her eye but it did not work. Which of the
following should the NP consider trying next? SATA
A. Topical corticosteroids
B. Systemic anti-inflammatory agents
C. Surgery
D. Autologous serum
E. Systemic omega 3 fatty acids
F. Impermanent punctal occlusion
G. Refer to an ophthalmologist
Answer: D. Autologous serum, F. Impermanent punctal occlusion, G. Refer to an
ophthalmologist
Rationale: Cyclosporine is a level 2 treatment for dry eye disease. When it fails,
the next step is to progress to level 3 therapies. Autologous serum eye drops
contain growth factors and vitamins that promote corneal health. Impermanent
punctal occlusion helps conserve the patient's own tears by blocking the
drainage ducts. Given the failure of a standard prescription therapy and the
