Exam 2: BIOS 252 / BIOS252 (Latest Update 2026/2027) Anatomy and Physiology
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT - EXAM
Exam 2: BIOS 252 / BIOS252 (Latest
Update 2026/2027) Anatomy and
Physiology II with Lab | Questions &
Verified Answers | Grade A | 100%
75 75 2026/2027
QUESTIONS VERIFIED ANSWERS EDITION
TOPICS COVERED
• The Cardiovascular System • The Digestive & Urinary Systems
• The Lymphatic & Immune Systems • Fluid, Electrolyte, Acid-Base Balance
• The Respiratory System • Reproductive Physiology
COVER PAGE - 1
,Exam 2: BIOS 252 / BIOS252 (Latest Update 2026/2027) Anatomy and Physiology II with Lab | ... QUESTIONS
SECTION 1: THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
QUESTION 1
A 68-year-old male patient presents to the emergency department with crushing chest pain radiating to
his left arm. An ECG reveals ST-segment elevation in leads V1-V4. Which specific region of the heart is
most likely experiencing ischemic damage?
A. The lateral wall of the left ventricle
B. The anterior wall of the left ventricle
C. The inferior wall of the right ventricle
D. The posterior wall of the left atrium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
ST elevation in leads V1-V4 indicates an anterior wall myocardial infarction, as these precordial leads overlie the anterior
surface of the left ventricle. Option A would show changes in leads I, aVL, V5, and V6, while option C would affect leads II, III,
and aVF.
QUESTION 2
During a cardiac catheterization procedure, a physician threads a catheter through the femoral artery and
advances it toward the heart. Which chamber does the catheter enter immediately after passing through
the aortic semilunar valve?
A. The left atrium
B. The left ventricle
C. The right atrium
D. The pulmonary trunk
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
The aortic semilunar valve guards the exit from the left ventricle into the ascending aorta. Passing through this valve in reverse
brings the catheter into the left ventricle. Option A is separated from the ventricle by the mitral valve, and option C is on the
right side of the heart.
QUESTION 3
A nursing student is reviewing the cardiac cycle and notes that the mitral valve closes when ventricular
pressure exceeds atrial pressure. During which phase of the cardiac cycle does this event occur?
A. Atrial systole
B. Isovolumetric contraction
C. Ventricular ejection
D. Isovolumetric relaxation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
The mitral valve closes at the beginning of isovolumetric contraction when rising ventricular pressure exceeds atrial pressure,
producing the first heart sound. Option A describes when the mitral valve is open, and option D is when the aortic valve closes.
, Exam 2: BIOS 252 / BIOS252 (Latest Update 2026/2027) Anatomy and Physiology II with Lab | ... QUESTIONS
QUESTION 4
A patient with chronic hypertension has developed left ventricular hypertrophy. On echocardiography,
the thickened ventricular wall reduces chamber compliance. Which physiological consequence is most
directly associated with this structural change?
A. Decreased afterload on the left ventricle
B. Impaired diastolic filling of the left ventricle
C. Enhanced stroke volume during exercise
D. Reduced systemic vascular resistance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
A thickened, stiff ventricular wall impairs relaxation and diastolic filling, leading to diastolic dysfunction. Option A is incorrect
because hypertrophy increases afterload, and option C is unlikely because reduced compliance limits filling.
QUESTION 5
A 45-year-old marathon runner has a resting heart rate of 48 beats per minute. Her stroke volume is
measured at 105 mL per beat. What is her approximate cardiac output at rest?
A. 3.5 L/min
B. 5.0 L/min
C. 7.2 L/min
D. 9.1 L/min
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume = 48 beats/min x 0.105 L/beat = 5.04 L/min. Option A uses a stroke volume of 73
mL, and option C miscalculates by using 150 mL.
QUESTION 6
During a routine physical examination, a physician auscultates the heart and hears an abnormal swishing
sound between the second and first heart sounds. This murmur is most consistent with which valvular
disorder?
A. Aortic stenosis
B. Mitral regurgitation
C. Pulmonary stenosis
D. Tricuspid regurgitation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
A murmur between S2 and S1 (diastole) suggests mitral stenosis or regurgitation; however, the classic holosystolic murmur of
mitral regurgitation spans this interval. Option A produces a systolic ejection murmur, and option C is best heard at the left
upper sternal border.
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT - EXAM
Exam 2: BIOS 252 / BIOS252 (Latest
Update 2026/2027) Anatomy and
Physiology II with Lab | Questions &
Verified Answers | Grade A | 100%
75 75 2026/2027
QUESTIONS VERIFIED ANSWERS EDITION
TOPICS COVERED
• The Cardiovascular System • The Digestive & Urinary Systems
• The Lymphatic & Immune Systems • Fluid, Electrolyte, Acid-Base Balance
• The Respiratory System • Reproductive Physiology
COVER PAGE - 1
,Exam 2: BIOS 252 / BIOS252 (Latest Update 2026/2027) Anatomy and Physiology II with Lab | ... QUESTIONS
SECTION 1: THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
QUESTION 1
A 68-year-old male patient presents to the emergency department with crushing chest pain radiating to
his left arm. An ECG reveals ST-segment elevation in leads V1-V4. Which specific region of the heart is
most likely experiencing ischemic damage?
A. The lateral wall of the left ventricle
B. The anterior wall of the left ventricle
C. The inferior wall of the right ventricle
D. The posterior wall of the left atrium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
ST elevation in leads V1-V4 indicates an anterior wall myocardial infarction, as these precordial leads overlie the anterior
surface of the left ventricle. Option A would show changes in leads I, aVL, V5, and V6, while option C would affect leads II, III,
and aVF.
QUESTION 2
During a cardiac catheterization procedure, a physician threads a catheter through the femoral artery and
advances it toward the heart. Which chamber does the catheter enter immediately after passing through
the aortic semilunar valve?
A. The left atrium
B. The left ventricle
C. The right atrium
D. The pulmonary trunk
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
The aortic semilunar valve guards the exit from the left ventricle into the ascending aorta. Passing through this valve in reverse
brings the catheter into the left ventricle. Option A is separated from the ventricle by the mitral valve, and option C is on the
right side of the heart.
QUESTION 3
A nursing student is reviewing the cardiac cycle and notes that the mitral valve closes when ventricular
pressure exceeds atrial pressure. During which phase of the cardiac cycle does this event occur?
A. Atrial systole
B. Isovolumetric contraction
C. Ventricular ejection
D. Isovolumetric relaxation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
The mitral valve closes at the beginning of isovolumetric contraction when rising ventricular pressure exceeds atrial pressure,
producing the first heart sound. Option A describes when the mitral valve is open, and option D is when the aortic valve closes.
, Exam 2: BIOS 252 / BIOS252 (Latest Update 2026/2027) Anatomy and Physiology II with Lab | ... QUESTIONS
QUESTION 4
A patient with chronic hypertension has developed left ventricular hypertrophy. On echocardiography,
the thickened ventricular wall reduces chamber compliance. Which physiological consequence is most
directly associated with this structural change?
A. Decreased afterload on the left ventricle
B. Impaired diastolic filling of the left ventricle
C. Enhanced stroke volume during exercise
D. Reduced systemic vascular resistance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
A thickened, stiff ventricular wall impairs relaxation and diastolic filling, leading to diastolic dysfunction. Option A is incorrect
because hypertrophy increases afterload, and option C is unlikely because reduced compliance limits filling.
QUESTION 5
A 45-year-old marathon runner has a resting heart rate of 48 beats per minute. Her stroke volume is
measured at 105 mL per beat. What is her approximate cardiac output at rest?
A. 3.5 L/min
B. 5.0 L/min
C. 7.2 L/min
D. 9.1 L/min
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume = 48 beats/min x 0.105 L/beat = 5.04 L/min. Option A uses a stroke volume of 73
mL, and option C miscalculates by using 150 mL.
QUESTION 6
During a routine physical examination, a physician auscultates the heart and hears an abnormal swishing
sound between the second and first heart sounds. This murmur is most consistent with which valvular
disorder?
A. Aortic stenosis
B. Mitral regurgitation
C. Pulmonary stenosis
D. Tricuspid regurgitation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
A murmur between S2 and S1 (diastole) suggests mitral stenosis or regurgitation; however, the classic holosystolic murmur of
mitral regurgitation spans this interval. Option A produces a systolic ejection murmur, and option C is best heard at the left
upper sternal border.
