PNP401 Test 1 Questions and Correct Answers
What is homeostasis?
State of equilibrium in the internal environment of the body.
How does the body naturally maintain homeostasis?
by adaptive responses that promote survival.
Body fluids and electrolytes are maintained within narrow limits.
What is the major component of the body?
water
What is the purpose of water in the body? (4)
1) maintain homeostasis
2) place for metabolic reactions
3) transportation system for the body
4) facilitating movement of the body parts
How much of the body is water in an adult?
50-60%
How much of the body is water in an older adult?
45-55%
How much of the body is water in an infant?
70-80%
What is intracellular fluid?
,fluid inside the cell
What is extracellular fluid?
fluid outside the cell
What are the types of extracellular fluids? (4)
- Intravascular fluid (IVF)
- Interstitial fluid (ISF)
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
- Transcellular fluids
What type of things are transported by body water?
- nutrients
- electrolytes
- oxygen to cells
What mechanisms control fluid and electrolyte movement? (6)
1) Diffusion
2) Facilitated diffusion
3) Active transport
4) Osmosis
5) Hydrostatic pressure
6) Oncotic pressure
What is diffusion?
Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration
When does the movement of molecules stop in diffusion?
,Net movement of molecules stops when the concentrations are equal in both areas
Does simple diffusion require energy?
No, it is a passive transport
no external energy required
What is facilitated diffusion?
Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
still moving from high to low
What is the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
in facilitated diffusion the solutes are charged and require assistance from proteins to move
across the cell membrane
What is active transport?
A process requiring energy in which molecules move against the concentration gradient
low to high
require ATP to move across cell membrane
What is osmosis?
diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
What can pas through the selectively permeable membrane in osmosis? What can't?
allows the movement of water but not solute
, What is the direction of movement in osmosis?
Moves from low solute to high solute concentration
Does osmosis require outside energy?
no
What is osmolarity?
measure of total concentration of solute particles
What is osmotic pressure?
The amount of pressure required to stop the osmotic flow of water.
determined by concentration of solutes in solution
What is osmolality?
the concentration of a solution expressed as the total number of solute particles per kilogram.
mmol/kg
What is a an isotonic solution?
Fluids with the same osmolality as the cell interior
What is a hypotonic solution?
Fluids in which the solutes are less than concentrated than they are in cells
What is a hypertonic solution>
Fluid with solutes more concentrated than they are in cell interior.
What type of solution is 0.9% Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl)?
What is homeostasis?
State of equilibrium in the internal environment of the body.
How does the body naturally maintain homeostasis?
by adaptive responses that promote survival.
Body fluids and electrolytes are maintained within narrow limits.
What is the major component of the body?
water
What is the purpose of water in the body? (4)
1) maintain homeostasis
2) place for metabolic reactions
3) transportation system for the body
4) facilitating movement of the body parts
How much of the body is water in an adult?
50-60%
How much of the body is water in an older adult?
45-55%
How much of the body is water in an infant?
70-80%
What is intracellular fluid?
,fluid inside the cell
What is extracellular fluid?
fluid outside the cell
What are the types of extracellular fluids? (4)
- Intravascular fluid (IVF)
- Interstitial fluid (ISF)
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
- Transcellular fluids
What type of things are transported by body water?
- nutrients
- electrolytes
- oxygen to cells
What mechanisms control fluid and electrolyte movement? (6)
1) Diffusion
2) Facilitated diffusion
3) Active transport
4) Osmosis
5) Hydrostatic pressure
6) Oncotic pressure
What is diffusion?
Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration
When does the movement of molecules stop in diffusion?
,Net movement of molecules stops when the concentrations are equal in both areas
Does simple diffusion require energy?
No, it is a passive transport
no external energy required
What is facilitated diffusion?
Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
still moving from high to low
What is the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
in facilitated diffusion the solutes are charged and require assistance from proteins to move
across the cell membrane
What is active transport?
A process requiring energy in which molecules move against the concentration gradient
low to high
require ATP to move across cell membrane
What is osmosis?
diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
What can pas through the selectively permeable membrane in osmosis? What can't?
allows the movement of water but not solute
, What is the direction of movement in osmosis?
Moves from low solute to high solute concentration
Does osmosis require outside energy?
no
What is osmolarity?
measure of total concentration of solute particles
What is osmotic pressure?
The amount of pressure required to stop the osmotic flow of water.
determined by concentration of solutes in solution
What is osmolality?
the concentration of a solution expressed as the total number of solute particles per kilogram.
mmol/kg
What is a an isotonic solution?
Fluids with the same osmolality as the cell interior
What is a hypotonic solution?
Fluids in which the solutes are less than concentrated than they are in cells
What is a hypertonic solution>
Fluid with solutes more concentrated than they are in cell interior.
What type of solution is 0.9% Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl)?
