A&P 319 Exam 1 TAMU Cohn Questions
With Complete Answers
What is anatomy? - ANSWER - How big something is' the geometry and shape,
how it connects to the rest of the body
- STRUCTURE: can be physically described
- Size, shape, location, made of a group of substructures, links to other
structures
What is physiology? - ANSWER The scientific investigation of the processes or
functions of living things
FUNCTION: how things work
How are A&P linked? - ANSWER -Form follows function; processes, structures
and functions are all interwoven
-Structure implies function
-Physiology is explainable only in terms of the underlying anatomy
-You can't FUNCTION without STRUCTURE, and vise versa. It is impossible to
understand physiology without developing an understanding of anatomy;
physiology is explainable only in terms of the underlying anatomy.
Can A&P be studied together or separately? - ANSWER -They can be studied
together or separately, but there is a greater benefit in studying them together
-Regionally, Systemically
Regional anatomy (Regionally) - ANSWER The body is studied area by area, and
all systems within the area are studied simultaneously
Systemic anatomy (Systemically) - ANSWER the body is studied system by
system. A system is a group of structures that have one or more common
functions (cardiovascular system, digestive system, etc.); how we study
anatomy
What are the advantages and disadvantages to A&P? - ANSWER Advantage of
studying A&P together
-Helps tie everything together
-The information makes the most sense this way
,-Easier in the sense that they are interwoven so the material is easier to grasp
when taught this way
Disadvantage of studying A&P together
-Loads of information
-Details may be missed
Which is predominate between regionally/ systemically in BIOL 319? Any
exceptions? - ANSWER Systemic predominates in Biol 319
Exceptions - going from cranium to study nerves and jumping to skeleton to
study the system (regional)
Explain the word Integrative in the titles of BIOL . - ANSWER Integrative
means that various aspects of both anatomy and physiology are
linked/coordinated together
-combining form and function to create a whole
Histology - ANSWER examines tissues, subcomponent of organs, which are
composed of cells and the materials surrounding them; microscopic study of
tissues (groups of similar cells)
Gross anatomy - ANSWER study of structures that can be viewed without a
microscope; can be approached systemically or regionally; can be viewed by
the naked eye; "large"
Surface anatomy - ANSWER Looking at the exterior of the body to visualize
structures deeper inside the body
Cell physiology - ANSWER processes occurring in cells
Systemic physiology - ANSWER Function of organ systems
Neurophysiology - ANSWER Nervous system
Cardiovascular physiology - ANSWER Heart and blood vessels
How are we studying anatomy in Bio 319? - ANSWER Using a systems approach
What four elements make up most of the body's molecules? - ANSWER Carbon,
Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen (COHN)
- Makes up 95 % of the body molecules
What are the different levels can one study/learn/discuss in anatomy? - ANSWER
Chemical level (which involves interactions between atoms- atoms, molecules,
organelles) ,Cell level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level and
organisms level
Atoms → Molecules → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ System → Organism
,-Chemical level: Atoms combine to form molecules
-Cell level: Molecules form organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria,
which make up the cells.
-Tissue level: Similar cells and surrounding materials make up tissues.
-Organ level: Different tissues combine to form organs, such as the urinary
bladder.
-Organ System level: Organs, such as the urinary bladder and kidneys, make up
an organ system.
-Organism level: Organ systems make up an organism
Macromolecules - ANSWER large molecules made up of smaller repeated units
ex. protein, carbohydrates (sugars), lipids(fats), Nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)
What is histology and what piece of equipment is needed to do histology? -
ANSWER Histology is the study of tissues where we look at the sub components.
You need a light microscope to study histology.
What piece of equipment is needed to do histology? - ANSWER light microscope
What piece of equipment is usually necessary for studying the detailed structure
of cellular organelles? Why? - ANSWER Electronic microscope because it is a
stronger microscope with more resolving power that can observe unique details
What is the difference between tissues and organs? - ANSWER - A tissue is
composed of a group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them- these
surrounding materials determine the functions of the tissue.
- Organs are made of tissues. An organ is composed of two or more tissue types
that perform one or more common functions.
In the broadest categories, how many tissue types are there and what are they
called? - ANSWER There are four tissue types:
- epithelial (Skin and everywhere in body-lines cavities and surfaces of blood
vessels and organs throughout the body),
- nervous (nerves, brain, spinal cord),
- muscle (smooth, skeletal, cardiac)
- connective (connects tissues and organs)
What is the definition of an organ? - ANSWER Organ is composed of two or more
tissue types that perform one or more similar functions
Knowing the definition of an organ, how is the urinary bladder an example? -
ANSWER -The urinary bladder contains multiple types of tissues (3 out of the 4)
that function together for a specific purpose→ collects urine from the kidneys
-Contains epithelial, connective, and smooth muscle tissue
, What are the major anatomical/ physiological systems? - ANSWER -
Cardiovascular, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Integumentary,
Endocrine(Glands), Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary (Renal-kidney),
and Reproductive systems
- 11 total
Cardiovascular system - ANSWER - Job: Transports nutrients, waste products,
gases, and hormones throughout the body; - - plays a role in the immune
response and the regulation of body temperature
- Consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood
- Central pump: the heart
Cardiac - ANSWER Pertaining to the heart
About how many cells are there in a human body that need to be served by
capillaries? - ANSWER 75 trillion cells in human body
The circulatory system contains a fluid containing water, soluble factors and
cells called___________ ((I'm thinking of three large categories of cells )under
pressure from a pump called the _______ - ANSWER Blood (white blood
cells/leukocytes and red blood cells/erythrocytes, platelets); heart
What are the two major gases? - ANSWER Carbon Dioxide (CO2 ) and Oxygen O2
Regarding the blood under pressure, it is given as two numbers (eg 120/80).
What do these two numbers correspond to? - ANSWER - The top number is
systolic pressure and represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart is
contracting
- The bottom number is diastolic pressure and represents the pressure in the
arteries when the heart is in a relaxed state
What does SYSTOLIC mean in regards to blood pressure? - ANSWER
Represents pressure in arteries when the heart is contracting
What does DIASTOLIC mean in regards to blood pressure? - ANSWER
Represents pressure in arteries when the heart is relaxing
What are the units of pressure that are conveniently used? - ANSWER mmHg
(millimeters of mercury)
Know, briefly what soluble factors are commonly transported in the blood
besides the soluble gases? - ANSWER Nutrients
- Travel through the blood
- "Food" for cells (glucose)
- Vitamins
Waste
With Complete Answers
What is anatomy? - ANSWER - How big something is' the geometry and shape,
how it connects to the rest of the body
- STRUCTURE: can be physically described
- Size, shape, location, made of a group of substructures, links to other
structures
What is physiology? - ANSWER The scientific investigation of the processes or
functions of living things
FUNCTION: how things work
How are A&P linked? - ANSWER -Form follows function; processes, structures
and functions are all interwoven
-Structure implies function
-Physiology is explainable only in terms of the underlying anatomy
-You can't FUNCTION without STRUCTURE, and vise versa. It is impossible to
understand physiology without developing an understanding of anatomy;
physiology is explainable only in terms of the underlying anatomy.
Can A&P be studied together or separately? - ANSWER -They can be studied
together or separately, but there is a greater benefit in studying them together
-Regionally, Systemically
Regional anatomy (Regionally) - ANSWER The body is studied area by area, and
all systems within the area are studied simultaneously
Systemic anatomy (Systemically) - ANSWER the body is studied system by
system. A system is a group of structures that have one or more common
functions (cardiovascular system, digestive system, etc.); how we study
anatomy
What are the advantages and disadvantages to A&P? - ANSWER Advantage of
studying A&P together
-Helps tie everything together
-The information makes the most sense this way
,-Easier in the sense that they are interwoven so the material is easier to grasp
when taught this way
Disadvantage of studying A&P together
-Loads of information
-Details may be missed
Which is predominate between regionally/ systemically in BIOL 319? Any
exceptions? - ANSWER Systemic predominates in Biol 319
Exceptions - going from cranium to study nerves and jumping to skeleton to
study the system (regional)
Explain the word Integrative in the titles of BIOL . - ANSWER Integrative
means that various aspects of both anatomy and physiology are
linked/coordinated together
-combining form and function to create a whole
Histology - ANSWER examines tissues, subcomponent of organs, which are
composed of cells and the materials surrounding them; microscopic study of
tissues (groups of similar cells)
Gross anatomy - ANSWER study of structures that can be viewed without a
microscope; can be approached systemically or regionally; can be viewed by
the naked eye; "large"
Surface anatomy - ANSWER Looking at the exterior of the body to visualize
structures deeper inside the body
Cell physiology - ANSWER processes occurring in cells
Systemic physiology - ANSWER Function of organ systems
Neurophysiology - ANSWER Nervous system
Cardiovascular physiology - ANSWER Heart and blood vessels
How are we studying anatomy in Bio 319? - ANSWER Using a systems approach
What four elements make up most of the body's molecules? - ANSWER Carbon,
Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen (COHN)
- Makes up 95 % of the body molecules
What are the different levels can one study/learn/discuss in anatomy? - ANSWER
Chemical level (which involves interactions between atoms- atoms, molecules,
organelles) ,Cell level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level and
organisms level
Atoms → Molecules → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ System → Organism
,-Chemical level: Atoms combine to form molecules
-Cell level: Molecules form organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria,
which make up the cells.
-Tissue level: Similar cells and surrounding materials make up tissues.
-Organ level: Different tissues combine to form organs, such as the urinary
bladder.
-Organ System level: Organs, such as the urinary bladder and kidneys, make up
an organ system.
-Organism level: Organ systems make up an organism
Macromolecules - ANSWER large molecules made up of smaller repeated units
ex. protein, carbohydrates (sugars), lipids(fats), Nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)
What is histology and what piece of equipment is needed to do histology? -
ANSWER Histology is the study of tissues where we look at the sub components.
You need a light microscope to study histology.
What piece of equipment is needed to do histology? - ANSWER light microscope
What piece of equipment is usually necessary for studying the detailed structure
of cellular organelles? Why? - ANSWER Electronic microscope because it is a
stronger microscope with more resolving power that can observe unique details
What is the difference between tissues and organs? - ANSWER - A tissue is
composed of a group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them- these
surrounding materials determine the functions of the tissue.
- Organs are made of tissues. An organ is composed of two or more tissue types
that perform one or more common functions.
In the broadest categories, how many tissue types are there and what are they
called? - ANSWER There are four tissue types:
- epithelial (Skin and everywhere in body-lines cavities and surfaces of blood
vessels and organs throughout the body),
- nervous (nerves, brain, spinal cord),
- muscle (smooth, skeletal, cardiac)
- connective (connects tissues and organs)
What is the definition of an organ? - ANSWER Organ is composed of two or more
tissue types that perform one or more similar functions
Knowing the definition of an organ, how is the urinary bladder an example? -
ANSWER -The urinary bladder contains multiple types of tissues (3 out of the 4)
that function together for a specific purpose→ collects urine from the kidneys
-Contains epithelial, connective, and smooth muscle tissue
, What are the major anatomical/ physiological systems? - ANSWER -
Cardiovascular, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Integumentary,
Endocrine(Glands), Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary (Renal-kidney),
and Reproductive systems
- 11 total
Cardiovascular system - ANSWER - Job: Transports nutrients, waste products,
gases, and hormones throughout the body; - - plays a role in the immune
response and the regulation of body temperature
- Consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood
- Central pump: the heart
Cardiac - ANSWER Pertaining to the heart
About how many cells are there in a human body that need to be served by
capillaries? - ANSWER 75 trillion cells in human body
The circulatory system contains a fluid containing water, soluble factors and
cells called___________ ((I'm thinking of three large categories of cells )under
pressure from a pump called the _______ - ANSWER Blood (white blood
cells/leukocytes and red blood cells/erythrocytes, platelets); heart
What are the two major gases? - ANSWER Carbon Dioxide (CO2 ) and Oxygen O2
Regarding the blood under pressure, it is given as two numbers (eg 120/80).
What do these two numbers correspond to? - ANSWER - The top number is
systolic pressure and represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart is
contracting
- The bottom number is diastolic pressure and represents the pressure in the
arteries when the heart is in a relaxed state
What does SYSTOLIC mean in regards to blood pressure? - ANSWER
Represents pressure in arteries when the heart is contracting
What does DIASTOLIC mean in regards to blood pressure? - ANSWER
Represents pressure in arteries when the heart is relaxing
What are the units of pressure that are conveniently used? - ANSWER mmHg
(millimeters of mercury)
Know, briefly what soluble factors are commonly transported in the blood
besides the soluble gases? - ANSWER Nutrients
- Travel through the blood
- "Food" for cells (glucose)
- Vitamins
Waste
