Nur242: Oncology Exam with all Correct & 100% Verified
Answers |Latest Version |Already Graded A+
1. dysplasia vs neoplasia -dysplasia: reversible
-neoplasia: irreversible/cancer
2. Cell cycle: G0 = resting
state G1 (Gap
1)
S-phase (synthesis)
G2 (Gap 2)
M (Mitosis) = two identical daughter cells
*G1-G2 "interphase" = chromosomes copied
3. tumor prevent cells from going through the cell cycle but mutations
suppressor can make them inactive
genes... Ex. BRCA 1
4. Development of cancer:1. Initiation- Mutation of DNA (mostly acquired)
2. Promotion- promoters (obesity, fat, alcohol, smoking)
3. Progression- growth (tumor angiogenesis),
invasiveness, metas-tasis
5. Carcinogens Enter nucleus and damage DNA
1. Benzene, Arsenic, formaldehyde, asbestos
2. Radiation
3. Viral (HBV, HCV, HPV, H Pylori)
4. Obesity
5. Smoking
6. alcohol
7. dietary fat
6. Latent period: 1.time btw initial genetic alteration to clinical evidence; 1 to 40
Size to be picked up yrs
on MRi 2.0.5 cm; 1.0 cm to be palpable
1/
56
, Nur242: Oncology Exam with all Correct & 100% Verified
Answers |Latest Version |Already Graded A+
7. What is skip metastasis? tumor cells travel to distant nodes
2/
56
, Nur242: Oncology Exam with all Correct & 100% Verified
Answers |Latest Version |Already Graded A+
8. Immune system role: 1. Lymphocytes cont. check cells for tumor associated antigens
and
destroy them
9. Immunologic 1.suppress factors that stimulate T cells
escape:
2.Weak surface antigens allow them to sneak through
How? (6)
3.immune system develops tolerance to some tumor antigens
4.cancer cells suppress immune system by products they
secrete
5.induction of suppressor T cells
6.blocking antibodies from binding TAAs, preventing recognition
10. Oncofetal antigens... Found in/on tumor cells, as a result as cell regains its embryonic
capability ex.
PSA
11. Main difference btw
Be-nign vs. 14. Histologic classification of cancer:
malignant neo-
plasms
12. How is cancer
classified? (3)
13. Anatomic site
classifica-tion
1. identified by?
2. Carcinomas?
3. Sarcomas?
4.
Lymphomas/
leukemias?
3/
56
, Nur242: Oncology Exam with all Correct & 100% Verified
Answers |Latest Version |Already Graded A+
Malignant cells invade and metastasize
1. Anatomic site
2. Histology/grading
3. Extent/Staging
1. tissue of origin
2. ectoderm (skin and glands)
and endoderm (mucous mem-
branes)
3. mesoderm (CT, muscle, bone, fat)
4. Hematopoietic system
1. appearance of cells and degree of
ditterentiation
2. well ditterentiated
4/
56
Answers |Latest Version |Already Graded A+
1. dysplasia vs neoplasia -dysplasia: reversible
-neoplasia: irreversible/cancer
2. Cell cycle: G0 = resting
state G1 (Gap
1)
S-phase (synthesis)
G2 (Gap 2)
M (Mitosis) = two identical daughter cells
*G1-G2 "interphase" = chromosomes copied
3. tumor prevent cells from going through the cell cycle but mutations
suppressor can make them inactive
genes... Ex. BRCA 1
4. Development of cancer:1. Initiation- Mutation of DNA (mostly acquired)
2. Promotion- promoters (obesity, fat, alcohol, smoking)
3. Progression- growth (tumor angiogenesis),
invasiveness, metas-tasis
5. Carcinogens Enter nucleus and damage DNA
1. Benzene, Arsenic, formaldehyde, asbestos
2. Radiation
3. Viral (HBV, HCV, HPV, H Pylori)
4. Obesity
5. Smoking
6. alcohol
7. dietary fat
6. Latent period: 1.time btw initial genetic alteration to clinical evidence; 1 to 40
Size to be picked up yrs
on MRi 2.0.5 cm; 1.0 cm to be palpable
1/
56
, Nur242: Oncology Exam with all Correct & 100% Verified
Answers |Latest Version |Already Graded A+
7. What is skip metastasis? tumor cells travel to distant nodes
2/
56
, Nur242: Oncology Exam with all Correct & 100% Verified
Answers |Latest Version |Already Graded A+
8. Immune system role: 1. Lymphocytes cont. check cells for tumor associated antigens
and
destroy them
9. Immunologic 1.suppress factors that stimulate T cells
escape:
2.Weak surface antigens allow them to sneak through
How? (6)
3.immune system develops tolerance to some tumor antigens
4.cancer cells suppress immune system by products they
secrete
5.induction of suppressor T cells
6.blocking antibodies from binding TAAs, preventing recognition
10. Oncofetal antigens... Found in/on tumor cells, as a result as cell regains its embryonic
capability ex.
PSA
11. Main difference btw
Be-nign vs. 14. Histologic classification of cancer:
malignant neo-
plasms
12. How is cancer
classified? (3)
13. Anatomic site
classifica-tion
1. identified by?
2. Carcinomas?
3. Sarcomas?
4.
Lymphomas/
leukemias?
3/
56
, Nur242: Oncology Exam with all Correct & 100% Verified
Answers |Latest Version |Already Graded A+
Malignant cells invade and metastasize
1. Anatomic site
2. Histology/grading
3. Extent/Staging
1. tissue of origin
2. ectoderm (skin and glands)
and endoderm (mucous mem-
branes)
3. mesoderm (CT, muscle, bone, fat)
4. Hematopoietic system
1. appearance of cells and degree of
ditterentiation
2. well ditterentiated
4/
56
