Microbiology - A Systems Approach:
Chapter 1
1. Microbiology: The study of living things too small to be seen without magnification
2. Sub-diciplines of microbiology: Bacteriology, Mycology, Phycology, Protozoology,
Virology, Im-munology
3. Examples of human use of microbiology: industrial: Production of important
compounds like antibiotics, MSG, and ethanol
4. Human use of microbiology in food: yeast for beer, bread; formation of alcohol
for beverages
5. Human use of microbiology in biotechnology - specifically in
genetic engi-neering: Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs), creation of new products
6. Bioremediation: Introduction of microbes into the environment to resort stability or clean
up toxic pollu-tants such as oil spills or chemical spills, or for use in water and sewage treatment
7. Examples of human use of microbiology: biotechnology -
Recombinant DNA Technology: Allows microbes to be engineered to synthesize
desirable proteins (i.e. drugs, hormones, and enzymes)
8. General characteristics of Prokaryotic organisms: About 10x smaller than
eukaryotes. Lack nucleus, organelles.
Have a cell wall.
All are microorganisms.
9. General characteristics of Eukaryotic organisms: About 10 x bigger than
prokaryotes. Have organelles and nucleus
Lack cell wall.
Not all are microorganisms
10. General characteristics of Viruses: Not independently living cellular
organisms.
Much simpler than cells - basically a small amount of DNA or RNA wrapped in protein and sometimes
by a lipid membrane (envelope).
Individual are referred to as a virus particle or vision.
Depend on the infected cell's machinery to multiply and disperse.
11. Louis Pasteur: Discovered
Pasteurization Developed the Germ Theory
of Disease
12. Robert Koch: Verified
Germ Theory Developed Koch's
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3
Chapter 1
1. Microbiology: The study of living things too small to be seen without magnification
2. Sub-diciplines of microbiology: Bacteriology, Mycology, Phycology, Protozoology,
Virology, Im-munology
3. Examples of human use of microbiology: industrial: Production of important
compounds like antibiotics, MSG, and ethanol
4. Human use of microbiology in food: yeast for beer, bread; formation of alcohol
for beverages
5. Human use of microbiology in biotechnology - specifically in
genetic engi-neering: Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs), creation of new products
6. Bioremediation: Introduction of microbes into the environment to resort stability or clean
up toxic pollu-tants such as oil spills or chemical spills, or for use in water and sewage treatment
7. Examples of human use of microbiology: biotechnology -
Recombinant DNA Technology: Allows microbes to be engineered to synthesize
desirable proteins (i.e. drugs, hormones, and enzymes)
8. General characteristics of Prokaryotic organisms: About 10x smaller than
eukaryotes. Lack nucleus, organelles.
Have a cell wall.
All are microorganisms.
9. General characteristics of Eukaryotic organisms: About 10 x bigger than
prokaryotes. Have organelles and nucleus
Lack cell wall.
Not all are microorganisms
10. General characteristics of Viruses: Not independently living cellular
organisms.
Much simpler than cells - basically a small amount of DNA or RNA wrapped in protein and sometimes
by a lipid membrane (envelope).
Individual are referred to as a virus particle or vision.
Depend on the infected cell's machinery to multiply and disperse.
11. Louis Pasteur: Discovered
Pasteurization Developed the Germ Theory
of Disease
12. Robert Koch: Verified
Germ Theory Developed Koch's
1/
3
