Poli 201 Final Exam
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1. Government The system for implementing decisions made through the political process
2. Separation of Divides the government into three branches and assigns distinct duties to each
powers branch
3. Checks and Bal- Gives each branch some power over the other two
ances
4. Federalism Divides power yet again by allotting different responsibilities to local, state, and
national government
5. Public Goods Services or actions that, once provided to one person, become available to every-
one. Government is typically needed to provide public goods because they will
be under-provided by the free market
6. Democracy Government by the people
7. Articles of Con- First governing document of US - created a WEAK central government; issues with
federation trade - different currencies in each state, tariffs on goods traded between states
8. Republicanism A philosophy of limited government with elected representatives serving at the
will of the people. The government is based on consent of the governed.
9. Federalists Supporters of ratification of the Constitution and of a strong central government.
10. Antifederalists Favored strong state governments and feared that a strong national government
would be a threat to individual rights
11. Pluralism The idea that having a variety of parties and interests within a government will
strengthen the system, ensuring that no group possesses total control
12. Virginia Plan The proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called for representation of
each state in Congress in proportion to that state's share of the U.S. population.
13. New Jersey Plan
, Poli 201 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_1tfuwj
Plan that proposed a single-chamber congress in which each state had one vote.
This created a conflict with representation between bigger states, who wanted
control befitting their population, and smaller states, who didn't want to be bullied
by larger states.
14. Great Compro- Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal
mise representation in one house of the legislature (Senate) and representation based
on population in the other house (House of Representatives)
15. National Su- Part of Article VI, Section 2, of the Constitution stating that the Constitution and
premacy Clause the laws and treaties of the United States are the "supreme Law of the Land,"
meaning national laws take precedent over state laws if the two conflict.
16. Three-Fifths Compromise between northern and southern states at the Constitutional Conven-
Compromise tion that three-fifths of the slave population would be counted for determining
direct taxation and representation in the House of Representatives.
17. Bill of Rights The first 10 amendments to the constitution; they protect individual rights and
liberties
18. Necessary and Clause of the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3) setting forth the implied
Proper Clause powers of Congress. It states that Congress, in addition to its express powers,
has the right to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out all powers the
Constitution vests in the national government
19. Commerce The clause in the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 1) that gives Congress
Clause the power to regulate all business activities that cross state lines or affect more
than one state or other nations.
20. Enumerated Powers specifically given to Congress in the Constitution; including the power to
Powers collect taxes, coin money, regulate foreign and interstate commerce, and declare
war.
21. Implied Powers Powers supported by the constitution that are not expressly stated in it
, Poli 201 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_1tfuwj
22. Unitary Govern- A system in which the national, centralized government holds ultimate authority.
ment Most common form of government in the world
23. Confederal gov- A form of government in which states hold power over a limited national govern-
ernment ment
24. Full Faith and Part of Article IV of the Constitution requiring that each states laws to be honored
Credit Clause by the other states. For example, a legal marriage in one state must be recognized
across state lines
25. States rights The idea that states are entitled to a certain amount of self government, free
of federal government intervention. This became a central issue in the period
leading up to the Civil War.
26. Dual Federalism National and state governments are seen as distinct entities providing separate
services
27. Cooperative Fed- National and state governments work together to provide services efficiently.
eralism Emerged in late 1930s, represents a shift toward less concrete boundaries of
responsibility in national-state relations
28. Picket Fence Fed- Type of federalism in which policy makers within a particular policy area work
eralism together across the levels of government
29. Categorical Federal aid to state or local governments that is provided for a specific purpose
Grants
30. Block Grants Federal aid provided to state government to be spent within a certain policy area
31. General revenue A type of grant used in the 1970s and 1980s in which the federal government
sharing provided state governments with funds to be spent at each states discretion. These
grants gave states more control over programs.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_1tfuwj
1. Government The system for implementing decisions made through the political process
2. Separation of Divides the government into three branches and assigns distinct duties to each
powers branch
3. Checks and Bal- Gives each branch some power over the other two
ances
4. Federalism Divides power yet again by allotting different responsibilities to local, state, and
national government
5. Public Goods Services or actions that, once provided to one person, become available to every-
one. Government is typically needed to provide public goods because they will
be under-provided by the free market
6. Democracy Government by the people
7. Articles of Con- First governing document of US - created a WEAK central government; issues with
federation trade - different currencies in each state, tariffs on goods traded between states
8. Republicanism A philosophy of limited government with elected representatives serving at the
will of the people. The government is based on consent of the governed.
9. Federalists Supporters of ratification of the Constitution and of a strong central government.
10. Antifederalists Favored strong state governments and feared that a strong national government
would be a threat to individual rights
11. Pluralism The idea that having a variety of parties and interests within a government will
strengthen the system, ensuring that no group possesses total control
12. Virginia Plan The proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called for representation of
each state in Congress in proportion to that state's share of the U.S. population.
13. New Jersey Plan
, Poli 201 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_1tfuwj
Plan that proposed a single-chamber congress in which each state had one vote.
This created a conflict with representation between bigger states, who wanted
control befitting their population, and smaller states, who didn't want to be bullied
by larger states.
14. Great Compro- Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal
mise representation in one house of the legislature (Senate) and representation based
on population in the other house (House of Representatives)
15. National Su- Part of Article VI, Section 2, of the Constitution stating that the Constitution and
premacy Clause the laws and treaties of the United States are the "supreme Law of the Land,"
meaning national laws take precedent over state laws if the two conflict.
16. Three-Fifths Compromise between northern and southern states at the Constitutional Conven-
Compromise tion that three-fifths of the slave population would be counted for determining
direct taxation and representation in the House of Representatives.
17. Bill of Rights The first 10 amendments to the constitution; they protect individual rights and
liberties
18. Necessary and Clause of the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3) setting forth the implied
Proper Clause powers of Congress. It states that Congress, in addition to its express powers,
has the right to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out all powers the
Constitution vests in the national government
19. Commerce The clause in the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 1) that gives Congress
Clause the power to regulate all business activities that cross state lines or affect more
than one state or other nations.
20. Enumerated Powers specifically given to Congress in the Constitution; including the power to
Powers collect taxes, coin money, regulate foreign and interstate commerce, and declare
war.
21. Implied Powers Powers supported by the constitution that are not expressly stated in it
, Poli 201 Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_1tfuwj
22. Unitary Govern- A system in which the national, centralized government holds ultimate authority.
ment Most common form of government in the world
23. Confederal gov- A form of government in which states hold power over a limited national govern-
ernment ment
24. Full Faith and Part of Article IV of the Constitution requiring that each states laws to be honored
Credit Clause by the other states. For example, a legal marriage in one state must be recognized
across state lines
25. States rights The idea that states are entitled to a certain amount of self government, free
of federal government intervention. This became a central issue in the period
leading up to the Civil War.
26. Dual Federalism National and state governments are seen as distinct entities providing separate
services
27. Cooperative Fed- National and state governments work together to provide services efficiently.
eralism Emerged in late 1930s, represents a shift toward less concrete boundaries of
responsibility in national-state relations
28. Picket Fence Fed- Type of federalism in which policy makers within a particular policy area work
eralism together across the levels of government
29. Categorical Federal aid to state or local governments that is provided for a specific purpose
Grants
30. Block Grants Federal aid provided to state government to be spent within a certain policy area
31. General revenue A type of grant used in the 1970s and 1980s in which the federal government
sharing provided state governments with funds to be spent at each states discretion. These
grants gave states more control over programs.
