TExES PPR Concepts and Terms
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1. ability grouping A type of grouping where students are placed together according to their skill
level, in high, middle or low groups. The TExES exam does not like this practice
as research indicates that it is not very effective and has some negative conse-
quences.
2. abstract Characterized only in thought; non-concrete. Considered apart from concrete
existence.Not applied or practical; theoretical.
3. active engage- Student are actively participating in an activity in a meaningful, hands-on way. This
ment type of activity is more likely to help students to understand and remember the
concept or lesson.
4. acitve listening Paying close attention to what is currently being said. Often the listener is silently
making mental notes and focusing on not just the content, but also any emotional
content, as well, and connecting what is being said to prior knowledge and
experience.
5. age appropriate Instructional lessons, activities, etc, that fit the development, language and ability
level of the child. This is not necessarily the same thing as developmentally
appropriate, since a child's developmental level may not be the same as his/her
age level.
6. alternative as- A type of evaluation other than a conventional test. It is sometimes used with
sessment students who cannot take a conventional test for some reason or for whom a
conventional test is not an accurate assessment of their knowledge or ability.
7. analysis Taking knowledge apart to understand how it fits together. It is one of the higher
order thinking skills.
8. application Applying or using what is known to solve an actual problem.
9. Admission, Re-
view, and Dis-
, TExES PPR Concepts and Terms
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missal (ARD) In Texas a team that determines a student's eligibility for special education
Committee services, reviews the eligibility on a regular basis, and determines an appropriate
individual education plan for the student.
10. assessment S way of monitoring progress; the act of testing, determining an evaluation of a
particular skill or content area; includes many different approaches and formats,
formal, informal and authentic evaluation procedures.
11. assimilation (Pi- According to Piaget this is the process of fitting new ideas or concepts into existing
aget) ideas or concepts. It suggests that a child may change or alter what he perceives
in the outside world in order to fit his internal world.
12. authentic assess- Using evaluations procedures that measure exactly what learning has occurred. It
ment literally means "real" and usually consists of a product that the student produces
to demonstrate knowledge or mastery of a skill.
13. autonomy The process of becoming independent and regulating one's own behavior.
14. Bloom's Taxono- Proposed by Benjamin Bloom this is a classification tool developed to categorize
my learning from low level thinking to very high level thinking.
15. comprehension Understanding and knowledge something, whether it is a concept, content infor-
mation, behavior, etc. It is often used in relation to reading (reading comprehen-
sion) to indicate that a reader remembers and understands what was read. But,
it is not limited exclusively to reading.
16. constructivism An instructional approach based on the theory on the idea that children build
understanding by an active learning process. Students build their own learning
and knowledge by exploration, discovery and questioning.
17. content validity How well a test measures what is was designed to measure.
18. convergent Involves combining or joining different ideas together Based on elements these
thinking ideas have in common. In short, it means putting the different pieces of a
, TExES PPR Concepts and Terms
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topic back together in some organized, structured and understandable fashion.
Convergent thinking, then, is an essential part of the outlining and organizing
process.
19. deductive rea- The process of thinking from general terms to specific terms; framing thinks so as
soning to eliminate ideas or possibilities one by one
20. English as a Sec- A program for teaching the English language to children whose first language
ond Language is not English, although in practice it is much more comprehensive than this
(ESL) and includes the teaching of academic content to students with limited English
proficiency. It involves effective instructional strategies for teaching English to
non-native speakers.
21. ethical behavior Acting in the highest moral principles and values. For educators in Texas it means
behavior and practices that conform to the Texas Educators' Code of Ethics
22. evaluation Critical thinking that involves making and supporting judgments. This is one of the
higher order thinking skills in Bloom's Taxonomy.
23. extrinsic motiva- Wanting to do something, behaving in a certain way or achieving something be-
tion cause of some type of external reward. The reward could be something tangible,
i.e. money, food, etc. or it could be intangible, i.e. praise, better grade, etc.
24. formal assess- Measuring knowledge or skill acquistion by means of a standardized test, very
ment often using a commercially published test, although it doesn't have to be com-
mercially published to be formal, but it would need to be standardized.
25. formative assess- Monitoring progress before and during learning in order to guide any necessary
ment adjustments and the pace of learning. Formative assessment gives teh teacher
inforamtion regarding how well students are understanding a particular concept
or skill in order to determine the effectiveness of the instruction. It is done on an
ongoing basis during instruction.
26.
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1. ability grouping A type of grouping where students are placed together according to their skill
level, in high, middle or low groups. The TExES exam does not like this practice
as research indicates that it is not very effective and has some negative conse-
quences.
2. abstract Characterized only in thought; non-concrete. Considered apart from concrete
existence.Not applied or practical; theoretical.
3. active engage- Student are actively participating in an activity in a meaningful, hands-on way. This
ment type of activity is more likely to help students to understand and remember the
concept or lesson.
4. acitve listening Paying close attention to what is currently being said. Often the listener is silently
making mental notes and focusing on not just the content, but also any emotional
content, as well, and connecting what is being said to prior knowledge and
experience.
5. age appropriate Instructional lessons, activities, etc, that fit the development, language and ability
level of the child. This is not necessarily the same thing as developmentally
appropriate, since a child's developmental level may not be the same as his/her
age level.
6. alternative as- A type of evaluation other than a conventional test. It is sometimes used with
sessment students who cannot take a conventional test for some reason or for whom a
conventional test is not an accurate assessment of their knowledge or ability.
7. analysis Taking knowledge apart to understand how it fits together. It is one of the higher
order thinking skills.
8. application Applying or using what is known to solve an actual problem.
9. Admission, Re-
view, and Dis-
, TExES PPR Concepts and Terms
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_17960y
missal (ARD) In Texas a team that determines a student's eligibility for special education
Committee services, reviews the eligibility on a regular basis, and determines an appropriate
individual education plan for the student.
10. assessment S way of monitoring progress; the act of testing, determining an evaluation of a
particular skill or content area; includes many different approaches and formats,
formal, informal and authentic evaluation procedures.
11. assimilation (Pi- According to Piaget this is the process of fitting new ideas or concepts into existing
aget) ideas or concepts. It suggests that a child may change or alter what he perceives
in the outside world in order to fit his internal world.
12. authentic assess- Using evaluations procedures that measure exactly what learning has occurred. It
ment literally means "real" and usually consists of a product that the student produces
to demonstrate knowledge or mastery of a skill.
13. autonomy The process of becoming independent and regulating one's own behavior.
14. Bloom's Taxono- Proposed by Benjamin Bloom this is a classification tool developed to categorize
my learning from low level thinking to very high level thinking.
15. comprehension Understanding and knowledge something, whether it is a concept, content infor-
mation, behavior, etc. It is often used in relation to reading (reading comprehen-
sion) to indicate that a reader remembers and understands what was read. But,
it is not limited exclusively to reading.
16. constructivism An instructional approach based on the theory on the idea that children build
understanding by an active learning process. Students build their own learning
and knowledge by exploration, discovery and questioning.
17. content validity How well a test measures what is was designed to measure.
18. convergent Involves combining or joining different ideas together Based on elements these
thinking ideas have in common. In short, it means putting the different pieces of a
, TExES PPR Concepts and Terms
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_17960y
topic back together in some organized, structured and understandable fashion.
Convergent thinking, then, is an essential part of the outlining and organizing
process.
19. deductive rea- The process of thinking from general terms to specific terms; framing thinks so as
soning to eliminate ideas or possibilities one by one
20. English as a Sec- A program for teaching the English language to children whose first language
ond Language is not English, although in practice it is much more comprehensive than this
(ESL) and includes the teaching of academic content to students with limited English
proficiency. It involves effective instructional strategies for teaching English to
non-native speakers.
21. ethical behavior Acting in the highest moral principles and values. For educators in Texas it means
behavior and practices that conform to the Texas Educators' Code of Ethics
22. evaluation Critical thinking that involves making and supporting judgments. This is one of the
higher order thinking skills in Bloom's Taxonomy.
23. extrinsic motiva- Wanting to do something, behaving in a certain way or achieving something be-
tion cause of some type of external reward. The reward could be something tangible,
i.e. money, food, etc. or it could be intangible, i.e. praise, better grade, etc.
24. formal assess- Measuring knowledge or skill acquistion by means of a standardized test, very
ment often using a commercially published test, although it doesn't have to be com-
mercially published to be formal, but it would need to be standardized.
25. formative assess- Monitoring progress before and during learning in order to guide any necessary
ment adjustments and the pace of learning. Formative assessment gives teh teacher
inforamtion regarding how well students are understanding a particular concept
or skill in order to determine the effectiveness of the instruction. It is done on an
ongoing basis during instruction.
26.
