CHEM 1030 FINAL EXAM BROERING SECTION
2026 STUDY GUIDE COMPLETE GENERAL
CHEMISTRY CONCEPTS AND PRACTICE
QUESTIONS
◉ exothermic reaction. Answer: heat is lost which results in a
negative heat value
◉ distillation. Answer: separation process that depends on differing
abilities of substances to form gases
◉ q=cmdeltaT. Answer: c= specific heat, m=mass (g), q=quantity of
heat (J), deltaT= change in temp (C)
c=q/mdeltaT
◉ mass of compound. Answer: used to determine the empirical and
molecular formulas
◉ molar mass. Answer: equal to atomic mass
◉ avogadro's number. Answer: equal to one mole
,◉ atoms. Answer: number of mols x avogadro's number
◉ moles. Answer: atoms/avogadro's number
◉ covalent bond. Answer: composed of only nonmetals; lower
melting/boiling point; softer; dont conduct electricity
◉ non polar bond. Answer: two identical atoms of equal
electronegativity
◉ avogadro's principle. Answer: under similar pressure and temps,
equal volumes of gases contain the same number of molecules
◉ STP. Answer: molar volume= 22.4 L
temp= 273 K
pressure= 1 atm
◉ volume ratio. Answer: equal to the coefficients and reactants and
products
◉ bond length. Answer: decreases as the number of shared electron
pairs increases; triple bonds require most energy
, ◉ metals. Answer: tend to lose electrons
◉ nonmetals. Answer: tend to gain electrons
◉ Hund's rule. Answer: single electron with the same spin must
occupy each energy sub shell before additional electrons with
opposite spins can occupy the same sub shell
◉ Pauli exclusion principle. Answer: max of 2 electrons may occupy
a single orbital but only if the electrons have different spinsn
◉ radioisotopes. Answer: emit radiation to attain a more stable
arrangement through radioactive decay
◉ alpha particle. Answer: helium atom is produced and represented
by 4/2 He; postively charged particles
◉ beta particle. Answer: electron produced represented by 0/-1 e;
negatively charged
◉ gamma rays. Answer: neutrally charged
◉ units of specific heat. Answer: J/g deg C
2026 STUDY GUIDE COMPLETE GENERAL
CHEMISTRY CONCEPTS AND PRACTICE
QUESTIONS
◉ exothermic reaction. Answer: heat is lost which results in a
negative heat value
◉ distillation. Answer: separation process that depends on differing
abilities of substances to form gases
◉ q=cmdeltaT. Answer: c= specific heat, m=mass (g), q=quantity of
heat (J), deltaT= change in temp (C)
c=q/mdeltaT
◉ mass of compound. Answer: used to determine the empirical and
molecular formulas
◉ molar mass. Answer: equal to atomic mass
◉ avogadro's number. Answer: equal to one mole
,◉ atoms. Answer: number of mols x avogadro's number
◉ moles. Answer: atoms/avogadro's number
◉ covalent bond. Answer: composed of only nonmetals; lower
melting/boiling point; softer; dont conduct electricity
◉ non polar bond. Answer: two identical atoms of equal
electronegativity
◉ avogadro's principle. Answer: under similar pressure and temps,
equal volumes of gases contain the same number of molecules
◉ STP. Answer: molar volume= 22.4 L
temp= 273 K
pressure= 1 atm
◉ volume ratio. Answer: equal to the coefficients and reactants and
products
◉ bond length. Answer: decreases as the number of shared electron
pairs increases; triple bonds require most energy
, ◉ metals. Answer: tend to lose electrons
◉ nonmetals. Answer: tend to gain electrons
◉ Hund's rule. Answer: single electron with the same spin must
occupy each energy sub shell before additional electrons with
opposite spins can occupy the same sub shell
◉ Pauli exclusion principle. Answer: max of 2 electrons may occupy
a single orbital but only if the electrons have different spinsn
◉ radioisotopes. Answer: emit radiation to attain a more stable
arrangement through radioactive decay
◉ alpha particle. Answer: helium atom is produced and represented
by 4/2 He; postively charged particles
◉ beta particle. Answer: electron produced represented by 0/-1 e;
negatively charged
◉ gamma rays. Answer: neutrally charged
◉ units of specific heat. Answer: J/g deg C
