CHEM 103 MODULE 2 EXAM EXAM
PREPARATION AND SUMMARY SHEET 2026
◉ Combined Gas Law. Answer: Boyle's and Charles' combined
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
◉ Ideal Gas Law. Answer: PV = nRT
Pressure = atm
Temp. = K
Volume = Liters
n = moles
R = .0821 (Universial Gas constant)
◉ Dalton's Law (Partial Pressures). Answer: P total = P1 +P2 +P3 +
......
◉ total pressure. Answer: the sum of the partial pressure of the
individual gases
◉ partial pressure. Answer: the pressure it would exert if it were the
only gas in the container
,◉ change of state. Answer: a substance change from one form to
another
TEMP IS ALWAYS CONSTANT
◉ sublimination. Answer: a substance changes directly to a gas from
a solid
◉ endothermic. Answer: heat energy is abosorbed
◉ exothermic. Answer: heat energy is given off
◉ evaporation. Answer: molecules escape from the liquid state to
the gas state
◉ rate of evaporation. Answer: increases with temperature
◉ vapor. Answer: a gas that exists at a temperature and pressure at
which it would ordinarily be thought of as liquid or solid
◉ volatile substance. Answer: substance that readily evaporates at
room temperature because of high vapor pressure
,◉ boiling point. Answer: the temperature at which the vapor
pressure of a liquid becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure
exerted on the liquid
◉ intermolecular force. Answer: an attractive force that acts
between a molecule and another molecule
◉ dipole-dipole. Answer: between two polar moleculespositive end
of one attracts the negative end of another
◉ london dispersion. Answer: weak temporary intermolecular
forces that occur between polar and non polar molecules
◉ hydrogen bond. Answer: strong dipole dipole interaction between
a hydrogen atom covalently bonding to a small, very electronegative
atom, F O N and a lone pair on another small electronegative atom
◉ surface tension. Answer: directly related intermolecular attraction
between its molecules
greater H bonding, greater surface tension
◉ crystallization. Answer: formation of a solid from a liquid
, ◉ amorphous solid. Answer: atoms have no set pattern and
arranged randomly
EX. Glass
◉ solution. Answer: homogeneous mixture
solute + solvent
◉ properties of solution. Answer: 1. distribution of particles is
uniform
2. components do not separate on standing
3. cant be separated by filtration
4. many compositions with the same solute and solvent
5. almost always transparent6. can be separated into pure
components
◉ solubility. Answer: maximum amount of solute that will dissolve
in a given amount of solvent
solids and liquids - increase temperature
gases - cold liquid with high pressure
PREPARATION AND SUMMARY SHEET 2026
◉ Combined Gas Law. Answer: Boyle's and Charles' combined
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
◉ Ideal Gas Law. Answer: PV = nRT
Pressure = atm
Temp. = K
Volume = Liters
n = moles
R = .0821 (Universial Gas constant)
◉ Dalton's Law (Partial Pressures). Answer: P total = P1 +P2 +P3 +
......
◉ total pressure. Answer: the sum of the partial pressure of the
individual gases
◉ partial pressure. Answer: the pressure it would exert if it were the
only gas in the container
,◉ change of state. Answer: a substance change from one form to
another
TEMP IS ALWAYS CONSTANT
◉ sublimination. Answer: a substance changes directly to a gas from
a solid
◉ endothermic. Answer: heat energy is abosorbed
◉ exothermic. Answer: heat energy is given off
◉ evaporation. Answer: molecules escape from the liquid state to
the gas state
◉ rate of evaporation. Answer: increases with temperature
◉ vapor. Answer: a gas that exists at a temperature and pressure at
which it would ordinarily be thought of as liquid or solid
◉ volatile substance. Answer: substance that readily evaporates at
room temperature because of high vapor pressure
,◉ boiling point. Answer: the temperature at which the vapor
pressure of a liquid becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure
exerted on the liquid
◉ intermolecular force. Answer: an attractive force that acts
between a molecule and another molecule
◉ dipole-dipole. Answer: between two polar moleculespositive end
of one attracts the negative end of another
◉ london dispersion. Answer: weak temporary intermolecular
forces that occur between polar and non polar molecules
◉ hydrogen bond. Answer: strong dipole dipole interaction between
a hydrogen atom covalently bonding to a small, very electronegative
atom, F O N and a lone pair on another small electronegative atom
◉ surface tension. Answer: directly related intermolecular attraction
between its molecules
greater H bonding, greater surface tension
◉ crystallization. Answer: formation of a solid from a liquid
, ◉ amorphous solid. Answer: atoms have no set pattern and
arranged randomly
EX. Glass
◉ solution. Answer: homogeneous mixture
solute + solvent
◉ properties of solution. Answer: 1. distribution of particles is
uniform
2. components do not separate on standing
3. cant be separated by filtration
4. many compositions with the same solute and solvent
5. almost always transparent6. can be separated into pure
components
◉ solubility. Answer: maximum amount of solute that will dissolve
in a given amount of solvent
solids and liquids - increase temperature
gases - cold liquid with high pressure
