PT 608 Mount Saint Joseph University exam 4:
neuro final cumulative information Questions
and Answers Already Graded A+ Premium
Exam Tested And Verified
Relay Nuclei
Convey information from the sensory systems (except
olfactory), the basal ganglia, or the cerebellum to the cerebral
cortex.
-Lesion: proprioception most affected, rare occurrence of
thalamic pain syndrome
Association Nuclei
-reciprocal connections between thalamic nuclei and cortex
-process emotional and some memory info
-integrate different types of sensation
nonspecific nuclei
,regulate consciousness, arousal, and attention
-lesion: vegetative state
Lateropulsion
Powerful leaning toward the hemiparetic side when sitting or
standing (pusher syndrome)
-lesion of the posterior thalamus or vestibular nuclei
-occurs in response to a deficit in sensing postural alignment
with respect to gravity and vision
Hypothalamus
-maintains homestasis: body temp, metabolic rate, BP, water
intake, excretion and digestion
-integrates behaviors with visceral functions
Pituitary Tumor
symptoms: headache, nausea, irregular menses, lactation,
sexual dysfunction
-compression of CN 3,4, or 6 may cause double vision
-larger lesions can compress optic chiasm resulting in bilateral
hemianopia
Projection Fibers
vertical fibers that connect hemispheres with lower brain or
spinal cord
-ex: internal capsule
,-subcortical -->cortex--> spinal cord
Commissural Fibers
horizontal fibers that connect gray matter of two hemispheres
-ex: corpus callosum
-connect homologous areas of cerebral hemisphere
Association Fibers
connect different parts of the same hemisphere
-ex: cingulum
Internal Capsule Lesion
-can occur with hemorrhage or occlusion of arteries
-contralateral decrease in voluntary movement
-contra loss of conscious sensation
-occasional contra visual field loss
Callostomy
a surgical procedure in which the corpus callosum is severed,
often from severe epilepsy
-may have conflicts between hands
-difficulty naming objects in L hand but can demostrate use
-opposite for object in right hand
"SPLIT BRAIN"
Granule Cells
interneurons that remain in cortex
, Pyramidal Cells
-output cells
-almost all axons travel as projection, commisural, or
association fibers in white matter
Somatosensory Cortex
Primary: discriminates different intensities and qualities of
sensory info
Secondary: stereognosis and memory of tactile and spatial
environment. object recognition
Auditory Cortex
-Primary: conscious awareness of intensity of sound
-Secondary: compares sounds with memories of other sounds,
classification of sounds
Visual Cortex
Primary: neurons are specialized to distingush between b/w
light and dark, shapes, object location and object movement
Secondary: analyzes colors and motion and maintains object in
central vision (fovea)
Dorsal (action) Stream
information to adjust limb movement (ex: reaching for a cup)
Ventral (perceptual) stream
recognition of objects stream
neuro final cumulative information Questions
and Answers Already Graded A+ Premium
Exam Tested And Verified
Relay Nuclei
Convey information from the sensory systems (except
olfactory), the basal ganglia, or the cerebellum to the cerebral
cortex.
-Lesion: proprioception most affected, rare occurrence of
thalamic pain syndrome
Association Nuclei
-reciprocal connections between thalamic nuclei and cortex
-process emotional and some memory info
-integrate different types of sensation
nonspecific nuclei
,regulate consciousness, arousal, and attention
-lesion: vegetative state
Lateropulsion
Powerful leaning toward the hemiparetic side when sitting or
standing (pusher syndrome)
-lesion of the posterior thalamus or vestibular nuclei
-occurs in response to a deficit in sensing postural alignment
with respect to gravity and vision
Hypothalamus
-maintains homestasis: body temp, metabolic rate, BP, water
intake, excretion and digestion
-integrates behaviors with visceral functions
Pituitary Tumor
symptoms: headache, nausea, irregular menses, lactation,
sexual dysfunction
-compression of CN 3,4, or 6 may cause double vision
-larger lesions can compress optic chiasm resulting in bilateral
hemianopia
Projection Fibers
vertical fibers that connect hemispheres with lower brain or
spinal cord
-ex: internal capsule
,-subcortical -->cortex--> spinal cord
Commissural Fibers
horizontal fibers that connect gray matter of two hemispheres
-ex: corpus callosum
-connect homologous areas of cerebral hemisphere
Association Fibers
connect different parts of the same hemisphere
-ex: cingulum
Internal Capsule Lesion
-can occur with hemorrhage or occlusion of arteries
-contralateral decrease in voluntary movement
-contra loss of conscious sensation
-occasional contra visual field loss
Callostomy
a surgical procedure in which the corpus callosum is severed,
often from severe epilepsy
-may have conflicts between hands
-difficulty naming objects in L hand but can demostrate use
-opposite for object in right hand
"SPLIT BRAIN"
Granule Cells
interneurons that remain in cortex
, Pyramidal Cells
-output cells
-almost all axons travel as projection, commisural, or
association fibers in white matter
Somatosensory Cortex
Primary: discriminates different intensities and qualities of
sensory info
Secondary: stereognosis and memory of tactile and spatial
environment. object recognition
Auditory Cortex
-Primary: conscious awareness of intensity of sound
-Secondary: compares sounds with memories of other sounds,
classification of sounds
Visual Cortex
Primary: neurons are specialized to distingush between b/w
light and dark, shapes, object location and object movement
Secondary: analyzes colors and motion and maintains object in
central vision (fovea)
Dorsal (action) Stream
information to adjust limb movement (ex: reaching for a cup)
Ventral (perceptual) stream
recognition of objects stream
