INTRODUCTION TO NETWORKING CONCEPTS FINAL
EXAMS 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔IoT Building and Home Automation Systems - ✔✔This system manages lighting,
HVAC, water, and security systems in real time. This is designed to manage utility costs
and to make the occupant more comfortable.
NOTE: Automated devices should not be placed on the business network due to their
prone condition of being easy targets for attackers
✔✔IP Video Systems - ✔✔The provision of remote collaboration via IP-based video
streams. These require quality of service considerations and significant bandwidth.
Networks for IP video systems should be physically or logically separated from
production networks.
✔✔Physical Access Control Systems - ✔✔A security system that manages and controls
access to physical areas using devices like cameras, biometric readers, proximity
readers, and more. This should be placed on a separate, secure network for enhanced
protection.
✔✔Scientific and Industrial Equipment Devices - ✔✔Found in hospitals, factories, and
labs, these allow centralized monitoring and management via IP networks.
✔✔IoT Component categories - ✔✔Hub and Control system: This is a central
communication point for managing IoT devices, like an Amazon Echo. These are
typically supported by Z-Wave and ZigBee protocols
Smart Devices: Endpoints that connect to the hub, like smart light bulbs
Wearables: IoT devices designed to be worn
Sensors: Used to measure varied conditions and relay data to hubs
✔✔Twisted Pair Cables - ✔✔The most common cable for LANs, the TPC, is composed
of eight individually insulated wires twisted into four pairs. More twists prevent EMI
interference, and use RJ-45 or RJ-11 connectors (RJ-11 is older and used for landline
phones and some modems)
Types:
Unshielded Twisted Pair UTP
Shielded Twisted Pair STP
✔✔Unshielded Twisted Pair - ✔✔UTP is the most widely used due to its low cost and
flexibility. Four twisted wire pairs are encased in a plastic sleeve. These are easy to
install and work for most LANs
, ✔✔Shielded Twisted Pair - ✔✔STP cables are wrapped in foil or a braided shield for
additional protection from EMI. Useful for industrial areas with more EMI interference,
though they are more expensive and less flexible than UTP
✔✔Twisted pair cable Categories - ✔✔TPC cables consist of
CAT5
CAT5e
CAT6
CAT6a
CAT7
CAT8
✔✔Cat 5 / Cat 5e - ✔✔Cat 5 (Fast Ethernet)
Ethernet Standard: 100BASE-TX
Bandwidth: 100 Mbps
Distance: 100 Meters
Cat 5e (Gigabit Ethernet)
Ethernet Standard: 1000BASE-T
Bandwidth: 1000 Mbps
Distance: 100 Meters
✔✔Cat 6 / Cat 6a - ✔✔Cat 6
Ethernet Standard: 1000BASE-T
Bandwidth: 1000 Mbps
Distance: 100 Meters
OR
Ethernet Standard: 10GBASE-T
Bandwidth: 10 Gbps
Distance: 55 Meters
Cat 6a
Ethernet Standard: 10GBASE-T
Bandwidth: 10Gbps
Distance 100M
✔✔Cat 7 / Cat 8 - ✔✔Cat 7
Ethernet Standard: 10GBASE-T
Bandwidth: 10 Gbps
Distance: 100 Meters
Uses RJ45 or TERA connections
Cat 8
EXAMS 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔IoT Building and Home Automation Systems - ✔✔This system manages lighting,
HVAC, water, and security systems in real time. This is designed to manage utility costs
and to make the occupant more comfortable.
NOTE: Automated devices should not be placed on the business network due to their
prone condition of being easy targets for attackers
✔✔IP Video Systems - ✔✔The provision of remote collaboration via IP-based video
streams. These require quality of service considerations and significant bandwidth.
Networks for IP video systems should be physically or logically separated from
production networks.
✔✔Physical Access Control Systems - ✔✔A security system that manages and controls
access to physical areas using devices like cameras, biometric readers, proximity
readers, and more. This should be placed on a separate, secure network for enhanced
protection.
✔✔Scientific and Industrial Equipment Devices - ✔✔Found in hospitals, factories, and
labs, these allow centralized monitoring and management via IP networks.
✔✔IoT Component categories - ✔✔Hub and Control system: This is a central
communication point for managing IoT devices, like an Amazon Echo. These are
typically supported by Z-Wave and ZigBee protocols
Smart Devices: Endpoints that connect to the hub, like smart light bulbs
Wearables: IoT devices designed to be worn
Sensors: Used to measure varied conditions and relay data to hubs
✔✔Twisted Pair Cables - ✔✔The most common cable for LANs, the TPC, is composed
of eight individually insulated wires twisted into four pairs. More twists prevent EMI
interference, and use RJ-45 or RJ-11 connectors (RJ-11 is older and used for landline
phones and some modems)
Types:
Unshielded Twisted Pair UTP
Shielded Twisted Pair STP
✔✔Unshielded Twisted Pair - ✔✔UTP is the most widely used due to its low cost and
flexibility. Four twisted wire pairs are encased in a plastic sleeve. These are easy to
install and work for most LANs
, ✔✔Shielded Twisted Pair - ✔✔STP cables are wrapped in foil or a braided shield for
additional protection from EMI. Useful for industrial areas with more EMI interference,
though they are more expensive and less flexible than UTP
✔✔Twisted pair cable Categories - ✔✔TPC cables consist of
CAT5
CAT5e
CAT6
CAT6a
CAT7
CAT8
✔✔Cat 5 / Cat 5e - ✔✔Cat 5 (Fast Ethernet)
Ethernet Standard: 100BASE-TX
Bandwidth: 100 Mbps
Distance: 100 Meters
Cat 5e (Gigabit Ethernet)
Ethernet Standard: 1000BASE-T
Bandwidth: 1000 Mbps
Distance: 100 Meters
✔✔Cat 6 / Cat 6a - ✔✔Cat 6
Ethernet Standard: 1000BASE-T
Bandwidth: 1000 Mbps
Distance: 100 Meters
OR
Ethernet Standard: 10GBASE-T
Bandwidth: 10 Gbps
Distance: 55 Meters
Cat 6a
Ethernet Standard: 10GBASE-T
Bandwidth: 10Gbps
Distance 100M
✔✔Cat 7 / Cat 8 - ✔✔Cat 7
Ethernet Standard: 10GBASE-T
Bandwidth: 10 Gbps
Distance: 100 Meters
Uses RJ45 or TERA connections
Cat 8
