INTRODUCTION TO NETWORKING CONCEPTS
EVALUATION EXAMS 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Layer 5 Session - ✔✔Establishes the connection between your laptop and WGU's
server and maintains it while you accomplish your tasks on the website.
✔✔Layer 6 Presentation - ✔✔The command is then sent to this Layer to be encrypted
as it is sent (and decrypted when received by the webserver).
✔✔Layer 7 Application - ✔✔You open a web browser on your laptop and type
www.wgu.edu into the search bar.
✔✔Modem - ✔✔A device necessary for sending and receiving data. Allows computers
to transport digital information over analog lines, such as phone or cable lines.
✔✔Router - ✔✔a point of connection between two or more networks that forwards dat
packets between the networks.
✔✔Router - ✔✔Layer 3 device, makes it's forwarding decisions based on logical
network addresses.
✔✔Switch - ✔✔Layer 2 device used to connect devices in a specific network and allows
them to communicate efficiently within the network.
✔✔Bridge - ✔✔Layer 2 device similar to a router in that it connects two or more
networks, but it simply forwards the data to the next network without analysis.
✔✔Repeater - ✔✔a layer 1 device that strengthens, replicates, or regenerates signals
that are weakened during transmission.
✔✔Hub - ✔✔Layer 1 device takes the data packets from the router, and sends them to
all the devices connected on the network.
✔✔UTP Cables - ✔✔These cables are created when pairs of wires are twisted around
each other to protect and cancel out interference from each other and outside sources
✔✔Cat3 - ✔✔supports up to 10 Mbps (Megabits per second) for up to 100 meters and
is commonly used for phone lines today.
✔✔Cat4 - ✔✔supports 16 Mbps for up to 100 meters and is not commonly used today.
, ✔✔Cat5 - ✔✔is used in Ethernet LANs containing two twisted pairs allowing for up to
100 Mbps up to 100 meters between the device and the switch, hub, or router. This has
been practically replaced by the Cat5e specification.
✔✔Cat5e - ✔✔doubles the number of twisted pairs to four for up to 1 Gbps (Gigabits
per second) over up to 100 meters.
✔✔Cat6 - ✔✔is also used in Ethernet LANs and data centers. is made up of four tightly
woven twisted pairs (more twists per linear foot) and supports 1 Gbps for up to 100
meters or 10 Gbps for up to 55 meters.
✔✔Cat6a - ✔✔is an improvement of the Cat6 standard, supporting the same standards
and lengths (with the ability to run 10 Gbps over 100 meters maximum), but using a
higher quality cable that is more resistant to interference. This is most commonly used
in wired networks today.
✔✔RJ11 - ✔✔A connector that supports two pairs of wires (four total); typically used in
telephones.
✔✔RJ45 - ✔✔This is an end connector typically used with Ethernet cables and supports
four pairs (eight wires).
✔✔Coaxial cables - ✔✔analog cables made of copper but specifically engineered with a
metal shield intended to block signal interference.
✔✔coaxial cables - ✔✔are mostly used by cable TV companies to connect their
customers to the company's facilities.
✔✔Fiber cables, or fiber-optic cables - ✔✔use glass or plastic threads within cables to
transfer the data using light (lasers or LEDs) as opposed to traditional metal cables
using electricity.
✔✔Single-mode cables - ✔✔made up of one single glass or plastic fiber. The benefit of
a single fiber cable is the ability to carry higher bandwidth for 50 times the distance of a
multimode cable. This requires higher cost electronics to create the light and thus is
typically used for longer distances (hundreds or thousands of kilometers) and higher
bandwidth applications.
✔✔Multimode cables - ✔✔wider in diameter due to light modes being sent across the
cable. Multimode fibers are highly effective over medium distances (500 meters or less
at higher speeds) and are generally used within a LAN. They are also less expensive
than single-mode fiber due to the potential for use with LEDs and other lower-cost
options for creating the light.
EVALUATION EXAMS 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Layer 5 Session - ✔✔Establishes the connection between your laptop and WGU's
server and maintains it while you accomplish your tasks on the website.
✔✔Layer 6 Presentation - ✔✔The command is then sent to this Layer to be encrypted
as it is sent (and decrypted when received by the webserver).
✔✔Layer 7 Application - ✔✔You open a web browser on your laptop and type
www.wgu.edu into the search bar.
✔✔Modem - ✔✔A device necessary for sending and receiving data. Allows computers
to transport digital information over analog lines, such as phone or cable lines.
✔✔Router - ✔✔a point of connection between two or more networks that forwards dat
packets between the networks.
✔✔Router - ✔✔Layer 3 device, makes it's forwarding decisions based on logical
network addresses.
✔✔Switch - ✔✔Layer 2 device used to connect devices in a specific network and allows
them to communicate efficiently within the network.
✔✔Bridge - ✔✔Layer 2 device similar to a router in that it connects two or more
networks, but it simply forwards the data to the next network without analysis.
✔✔Repeater - ✔✔a layer 1 device that strengthens, replicates, or regenerates signals
that are weakened during transmission.
✔✔Hub - ✔✔Layer 1 device takes the data packets from the router, and sends them to
all the devices connected on the network.
✔✔UTP Cables - ✔✔These cables are created when pairs of wires are twisted around
each other to protect and cancel out interference from each other and outside sources
✔✔Cat3 - ✔✔supports up to 10 Mbps (Megabits per second) for up to 100 meters and
is commonly used for phone lines today.
✔✔Cat4 - ✔✔supports 16 Mbps for up to 100 meters and is not commonly used today.
, ✔✔Cat5 - ✔✔is used in Ethernet LANs containing two twisted pairs allowing for up to
100 Mbps up to 100 meters between the device and the switch, hub, or router. This has
been practically replaced by the Cat5e specification.
✔✔Cat5e - ✔✔doubles the number of twisted pairs to four for up to 1 Gbps (Gigabits
per second) over up to 100 meters.
✔✔Cat6 - ✔✔is also used in Ethernet LANs and data centers. is made up of four tightly
woven twisted pairs (more twists per linear foot) and supports 1 Gbps for up to 100
meters or 10 Gbps for up to 55 meters.
✔✔Cat6a - ✔✔is an improvement of the Cat6 standard, supporting the same standards
and lengths (with the ability to run 10 Gbps over 100 meters maximum), but using a
higher quality cable that is more resistant to interference. This is most commonly used
in wired networks today.
✔✔RJ11 - ✔✔A connector that supports two pairs of wires (four total); typically used in
telephones.
✔✔RJ45 - ✔✔This is an end connector typically used with Ethernet cables and supports
four pairs (eight wires).
✔✔Coaxial cables - ✔✔analog cables made of copper but specifically engineered with a
metal shield intended to block signal interference.
✔✔coaxial cables - ✔✔are mostly used by cable TV companies to connect their
customers to the company's facilities.
✔✔Fiber cables, or fiber-optic cables - ✔✔use glass or plastic threads within cables to
transfer the data using light (lasers or LEDs) as opposed to traditional metal cables
using electricity.
✔✔Single-mode cables - ✔✔made up of one single glass or plastic fiber. The benefit of
a single fiber cable is the ability to carry higher bandwidth for 50 times the distance of a
multimode cable. This requires higher cost electronics to create the light and thus is
typically used for longer distances (hundreds or thousands of kilometers) and higher
bandwidth applications.
✔✔Multimode cables - ✔✔wider in diameter due to light modes being sent across the
cable. Multimode fibers are highly effective over medium distances (500 meters or less
at higher speeds) and are generally used within a LAN. They are also less expensive
than single-mode fiber due to the potential for use with LEDs and other lower-cost
options for creating the light.
