CMN 260 FINAL EXAM 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Public relations (PR) - ✔✔Enhance organization images
- Media
- Fundraising
- Education/promotion
- Crisis management
✔✔Marketing - ✔✔Promote business/profitability
- Market research
- Meet stakeholders (people who give the money to establish the facilities/run the
business)
- Develop new services to meet market needs
✔✔Commitment-trust theory - ✔✔People make judgments based on trust
People will be interested in relationships when benefits outweigh costs
✔✔Two-way symmetrical communication - ✔✔Ongoing conversation between the
organization and the public that it serves
✔✔Ethnocentrism - ✔✔The belief that one culture is better than another
✔✔Culturally sensitive communication - ✔✔Beliefs about health are informed by culture
as people are aware of characteristics in the world around them
✔✔Culture-centered communication - ✔✔Beliefs about health are informed by culture
through collaboration/dialogue in the community
Studies how the following to better understand people's decisions:
- Access to materials/support
- Personal decision making
- Evolving beliefs
✔✔Reflective negotiation model - ✔✔Self awareness/cultural differences allow for a
respectful "space for negotiation"
- health professionals do not know cultural values
- which cultural aspects take precedence in medical scenarios
- people differ even in the same culture
✔✔Organic model - ✔✔Health is based on physical indicators (biomedical)
-- Based on germ theory (Louis Pasteur)
-- Scientific/evidence - based
✔✔Harmonic balance - ✔✔Health is overall wellbeing and balance within the body
(bipsychosocial + sociocultural)
, ✔✔Karma - ✔✔The effects that good or bad actions have on a person's state of health
✔✔Yin and yang - ✔✔Refers to balance
Yin (coolness/reflection)
Yang (warmth/brightness)
✔✔Qi - ✔✔Imbalance of yin/yang leads to disease
✔✔"Fight for your life" OR medical conditions = "battle" - ✔✔Military metaphors --
organic perspective of disease
✔✔"Health from within" - ✔✔Peace metaphors -- body is a place of natural harmony;
the body will follow its natural cycle
✔✔Culture - ✔✔A set of beliefs, rules, and practices that are shared by a group of
people
✔✔Cultural assumptions - ✔✔- How people make sense of the people around them
- Impact how people see what roles should be performed
- Impact people's meaning of sick vs. healthy
✔✔Individualistic culture - ✔✔Personal goals; self sufficiency
✔✔Collectivistic culture - ✔✔Group goals; communal harmony
(Ex: diet plan for entire family being easy for an individual)
✔✔High-power distance - ✔✔Hierarchial (thought that providers are top tier and their
words are the truth)
✔✔Low-power distance - ✔✔Egalitarian (patients on same line of providers)
✔✔High-context - ✔✔Providers will provide evidence to describe problem
✔✔Low-context - ✔✔Providers will blatantly state the health condition and allow
patients to find out how to solve it
✔✔Monochronic - ✔✔Promptness/scheduling
Separated events
✔✔Polychronic - ✔✔Elasticity
Congruent events
Global south -- doctors/appt. can be late
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Public relations (PR) - ✔✔Enhance organization images
- Media
- Fundraising
- Education/promotion
- Crisis management
✔✔Marketing - ✔✔Promote business/profitability
- Market research
- Meet stakeholders (people who give the money to establish the facilities/run the
business)
- Develop new services to meet market needs
✔✔Commitment-trust theory - ✔✔People make judgments based on trust
People will be interested in relationships when benefits outweigh costs
✔✔Two-way symmetrical communication - ✔✔Ongoing conversation between the
organization and the public that it serves
✔✔Ethnocentrism - ✔✔The belief that one culture is better than another
✔✔Culturally sensitive communication - ✔✔Beliefs about health are informed by culture
as people are aware of characteristics in the world around them
✔✔Culture-centered communication - ✔✔Beliefs about health are informed by culture
through collaboration/dialogue in the community
Studies how the following to better understand people's decisions:
- Access to materials/support
- Personal decision making
- Evolving beliefs
✔✔Reflective negotiation model - ✔✔Self awareness/cultural differences allow for a
respectful "space for negotiation"
- health professionals do not know cultural values
- which cultural aspects take precedence in medical scenarios
- people differ even in the same culture
✔✔Organic model - ✔✔Health is based on physical indicators (biomedical)
-- Based on germ theory (Louis Pasteur)
-- Scientific/evidence - based
✔✔Harmonic balance - ✔✔Health is overall wellbeing and balance within the body
(bipsychosocial + sociocultural)
, ✔✔Karma - ✔✔The effects that good or bad actions have on a person's state of health
✔✔Yin and yang - ✔✔Refers to balance
Yin (coolness/reflection)
Yang (warmth/brightness)
✔✔Qi - ✔✔Imbalance of yin/yang leads to disease
✔✔"Fight for your life" OR medical conditions = "battle" - ✔✔Military metaphors --
organic perspective of disease
✔✔"Health from within" - ✔✔Peace metaphors -- body is a place of natural harmony;
the body will follow its natural cycle
✔✔Culture - ✔✔A set of beliefs, rules, and practices that are shared by a group of
people
✔✔Cultural assumptions - ✔✔- How people make sense of the people around them
- Impact how people see what roles should be performed
- Impact people's meaning of sick vs. healthy
✔✔Individualistic culture - ✔✔Personal goals; self sufficiency
✔✔Collectivistic culture - ✔✔Group goals; communal harmony
(Ex: diet plan for entire family being easy for an individual)
✔✔High-power distance - ✔✔Hierarchial (thought that providers are top tier and their
words are the truth)
✔✔Low-power distance - ✔✔Egalitarian (patients on same line of providers)
✔✔High-context - ✔✔Providers will provide evidence to describe problem
✔✔Low-context - ✔✔Providers will blatantly state the health condition and allow
patients to find out how to solve it
✔✔Monochronic - ✔✔Promptness/scheduling
Separated events
✔✔Polychronic - ✔✔Elasticity
Congruent events
Global south -- doctors/appt. can be late
