NR667 VISE | PRACTICE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | COMPREHENSIVE FNP
CAPSTONE STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
Hypertension - correct answer ✔✔Elevated blood pressure (>140/90 mm Hg) leading to
asymptomatic or symptomatic presentation including occipital headaches, blurry vision, and
microvascular or macrovascular clinical findings.
Microvascular - correct answer ✔✔Clinical findings related to hypertension retinopathy and
kidney damage including AV nicking, papilledema, microalbuminuria, proteinuria, elevated
serum creatinine, abnormal eGFR, and peripheral or generalized edema.
Macrovascular - correct answer ✔✔Clinical findings related to hypertension's impact on the
heart and brain including S3 (CHF), S4 (LVH), carotid bruits, decreased or absent peripheral
pulses, and TIA or hemorrhagic stroke.
Hypertension Diagnosis - correct answer ✔✔Diagnosis of hypertension is made when blood
pressure is consistently >140/90 mm Hg, leading to the initiation of blood pressure medication.
Hypertension Pharmacologic Management - correct answer ✔✔Pharmacologic management
includes first-line diuretic (Hydrochlorothiazide), alternative CCB (Amlodipine besylate), ACE
inhibitors (lisinopril), and consideration of ACE/ARB in specific patient populations.
Hypertension Follow-up - correct answer ✔✔Patients should be followed up every 2-4 weeks,
and referrals should be made to cardiology if EKG is abnormal.
Hyperlipidemia - correct answer ✔✔Elevated levels of lipids in the blood leading to
asymptomatic presentation until the development of ASCVD, with symptoms including
xanthomata, corneal arcus, angina, bruits, MI, and stroke.
, Hyperlipidemia Diagnosis - correct answer ✔✔Diagnosis is confirmed when the optimal goal of
LDL is <100 mg/dL, and patients with LDL >= 190mg/dL are candidates for high-intensity statin
therapy.
Hyperlipidemia Pharmacologic Management - correct answer ✔✔Pharmacologic management
includes first-line atorvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, or rosuvastatin, and alternative Welchol
for statin intolerance.
Hyperlipidemia Follow-up - correct answer ✔✔Patients should be re-checked every 6-8 weeks
until goal is achieved, and referrals should be made to a nutritionist.
Diabetes Type 2 - correct answer ✔✔Insulin resistance in target tissues, abnormal insulin
secretion, or decrease in insulin receptors leading to symptoms such as polydipsia, polyuria,
polyphagia, agitation, nervousness, obesity, fatigue, and chronic skin infections.
Diabetes Type 2 Diagnosis - correct answer ✔✔Diagnosis is confirmed with Hgb A1C >6.5%,
fasting glucose >126mg/dl, and recurrent yeast infections.
Diabetes Type 2 Pharmacologic Management - correct answer ✔✔Pharmacologic management
includes first-line metformin, additional first-line or combination therapy, and second-line
insulin or SGLT2 inhibitors.
Diabetes Type 2 Follow-up - correct answer ✔✔Patients should be followed up every 2-4 weeks,
and referrals should be made to various specialists for comprehensive care.
Back Pain - correct answer ✔✔Mechanical low back pain attributed to degenerative changes,
classified into acute, subacute, or chronic categories, and presenting with localized, referred, or
radiating pain.
Back Pain Differential - correct answer ✔✔Differential diagnoses include secondary
hypertension, white coat syndrome, pregnancy, and pregnancy-induced hypertension.
CAPSTONE STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
Hypertension - correct answer ✔✔Elevated blood pressure (>140/90 mm Hg) leading to
asymptomatic or symptomatic presentation including occipital headaches, blurry vision, and
microvascular or macrovascular clinical findings.
Microvascular - correct answer ✔✔Clinical findings related to hypertension retinopathy and
kidney damage including AV nicking, papilledema, microalbuminuria, proteinuria, elevated
serum creatinine, abnormal eGFR, and peripheral or generalized edema.
Macrovascular - correct answer ✔✔Clinical findings related to hypertension's impact on the
heart and brain including S3 (CHF), S4 (LVH), carotid bruits, decreased or absent peripheral
pulses, and TIA or hemorrhagic stroke.
Hypertension Diagnosis - correct answer ✔✔Diagnosis of hypertension is made when blood
pressure is consistently >140/90 mm Hg, leading to the initiation of blood pressure medication.
Hypertension Pharmacologic Management - correct answer ✔✔Pharmacologic management
includes first-line diuretic (Hydrochlorothiazide), alternative CCB (Amlodipine besylate), ACE
inhibitors (lisinopril), and consideration of ACE/ARB in specific patient populations.
Hypertension Follow-up - correct answer ✔✔Patients should be followed up every 2-4 weeks,
and referrals should be made to cardiology if EKG is abnormal.
Hyperlipidemia - correct answer ✔✔Elevated levels of lipids in the blood leading to
asymptomatic presentation until the development of ASCVD, with symptoms including
xanthomata, corneal arcus, angina, bruits, MI, and stroke.
, Hyperlipidemia Diagnosis - correct answer ✔✔Diagnosis is confirmed when the optimal goal of
LDL is <100 mg/dL, and patients with LDL >= 190mg/dL are candidates for high-intensity statin
therapy.
Hyperlipidemia Pharmacologic Management - correct answer ✔✔Pharmacologic management
includes first-line atorvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, or rosuvastatin, and alternative Welchol
for statin intolerance.
Hyperlipidemia Follow-up - correct answer ✔✔Patients should be re-checked every 6-8 weeks
until goal is achieved, and referrals should be made to a nutritionist.
Diabetes Type 2 - correct answer ✔✔Insulin resistance in target tissues, abnormal insulin
secretion, or decrease in insulin receptors leading to symptoms such as polydipsia, polyuria,
polyphagia, agitation, nervousness, obesity, fatigue, and chronic skin infections.
Diabetes Type 2 Diagnosis - correct answer ✔✔Diagnosis is confirmed with Hgb A1C >6.5%,
fasting glucose >126mg/dl, and recurrent yeast infections.
Diabetes Type 2 Pharmacologic Management - correct answer ✔✔Pharmacologic management
includes first-line metformin, additional first-line or combination therapy, and second-line
insulin or SGLT2 inhibitors.
Diabetes Type 2 Follow-up - correct answer ✔✔Patients should be followed up every 2-4 weeks,
and referrals should be made to various specialists for comprehensive care.
Back Pain - correct answer ✔✔Mechanical low back pain attributed to degenerative changes,
classified into acute, subacute, or chronic categories, and presenting with localized, referred, or
radiating pain.
Back Pain Differential - correct answer ✔✔Differential diagnoses include secondary
hypertension, white coat syndrome, pregnancy, and pregnancy-induced hypertension.
