WGU COURSE C836 - FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SECURITY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED
Information Security ✔️Protecting an organization's information and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption,
modification, or destruction.
Compliance ✔️Requirements that are set forth by laws and
industry regulations.
CIA ✔️Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability
Confidentiality ✔️Refers to our ability to protect our data from those who are not authorized to use/view it
Integrity ✔️The ability to prevent people from changing your data in an unauthorized or undesirable manner
Availability ✔️Refers to the ability to access our data when we need it
Possession/Control ✔️refers to the physical disposition of the media on which the data is stored. (tape examples where some are encrypted and
some are not)
Authenticity ✔️whether you've attributed the data in question to the proper owner or creator. (altered email that says it's from one person
when it's not - violation of the authenticity of the email)
Utility ✔️refers to how useful the data is to you.
Attacks ✔️interception, interruption, modification, and
fabrication
Interception ✔️attacks that allow unauthorized users to access your data, applications, or environments. Are primarily attacks against
confidentiality
Interruption ✔️attacks that make your assets unusable or unavailable to you temporarily or permanently. DoS attack on a mail server, for
example. May also affect integrity
Modification ✔️attacks involve tampering with our asset. Such attacks might primarily be considered an integrity attack but could also represent
an availability attack.
Fabrication ✔️attacks involve generating data, processes, communications, or other similar activities with a system. Fabrication attacks primarily
affect integrity but could be considered an availability attack as well.
Risk ✔️is the likelihood that an event will occur. To have risk there must be a
threat and vulnerability.
Threats ✔️are any events being man-made, natural or environmental that could cause damage to assets.
Vulnerabilities ✔️are a weakness that a threat event or the threat agent can take advantage of.
Impact ✔️takes into account the value of the asset being threatened and uses it to calculate risk
Risk Management Process ✔️Identify assets, identify threats, assess vulnerabilities, assess risks, mitigate risks
Defense in Depth ✔️Using multiple layers of security to defend your assets.
Controls ✔️are the ways we protect assets. Three different types: physical, logical, administrative
Physical Controls ✔️environment; physical items that protect assets think locks, doors, guards, and, fences or environmental factors (time)
Logical Controls ✔️Sometimes called technical controls, these protect the systems, networks, and environments that process, transmit, and
store our data
, Administrative Controls ✔️based on laws, rules, policies, and procedures, guidelines, and other items that are "paper" in nature. They are the
policies that organizations create for governance. For example, acceptable use and email use policies.
Preparation ✔️phase of incident response consists of all of the activities that we can perform, in advance of the incident itself, in order to better
enable us to handle it.
Incident Response Process ✔️1. Preparation
2. Detection and Analysis (Identification)
3. Containment
4. Eradication
5. Recovery
6. Post-incident activity: document/Lessons learned
Detection & Analysis ✔️where the action begins to happen in our incident response process. In this phase, we will detect the occurrence of an
issue and decide whether or not it is actually an incident, so that we can respond appropriately to it.
Containment ✔️involves taking steps to ensure that the situation does not cause any more damage than it already has, or to at least lessen any
ongoing harm.
Eradication ✔️attempt to remove the effects of the issue from our environment.
Recovery ✔️restoring devices or data to pre-incident state (rebuilding systems, reloading applications, backup media, etc.)
Post-incident activity ✔️determine specifically what happened, why it happened, and what we can do to keep it from happening again.
(postmortem).
Identity ✔️who or what we claim to be. Simply an assertion.
Authentication ✔️the act of providing who or what we claim to be. More technically, the set of methods used to establish whether a claim is
true
Verification ✔️simply verifies status of ID. For example, showing your driver's license at a bar. "Half-step" between identity and authentication
Five Different Types of Authentication ✔️• Something you know: Username/Password/Pin
• Something you have: ID badge/swipe card/OTP
• Something you are: Fingerprint/Iris/Retina scan
• Somewhere you are: Geolocation
• Something you do: Handwriting/typing/walking
Single-factor authentication ✔️only using one type of authentication
Dual-factor authentication ✔️using two different factors of authentication (2 of the same factor does not count )
Multi-factor authentication ✔️Use of several (more than two) authentication techniques together, such as passwords and security tokens, and
geolocation.
Mutual Authentication ✔️process where the session is
authenticated on both ends and just one end.
Mutual authentication prevents what kind of attacks? ✔️man-in-the-middle attacks
Using a password for access is what kind of authentication ✔️Something you know
An iris-scan for access is what kind of authentication ✔️Something you are
Using a security key-fob for access is what kind of authentication ✔️Something you have
Information Security ✔️Protecting an organization's information and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption,
modification, or destruction.
Compliance ✔️Requirements that are set forth by laws and
industry regulations.
CIA ✔️Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability
Confidentiality ✔️Refers to our ability to protect our data from those who are not authorized to use/view it
Integrity ✔️The ability to prevent people from changing your data in an unauthorized or undesirable manner
Availability ✔️Refers to the ability to access our data when we need it
Possession/Control ✔️refers to the physical disposition of the media on which the data is stored. (tape examples where some are encrypted and
some are not)
Authenticity ✔️whether you've attributed the data in question to the proper owner or creator. (altered email that says it's from one person
when it's not - violation of the authenticity of the email)
Utility ✔️refers to how useful the data is to you.
Attacks ✔️interception, interruption, modification, and
fabrication
Interception ✔️attacks that allow unauthorized users to access your data, applications, or environments. Are primarily attacks against
confidentiality
Interruption ✔️attacks that make your assets unusable or unavailable to you temporarily or permanently. DoS attack on a mail server, for
example. May also affect integrity
Modification ✔️attacks involve tampering with our asset. Such attacks might primarily be considered an integrity attack but could also represent
an availability attack.
Fabrication ✔️attacks involve generating data, processes, communications, or other similar activities with a system. Fabrication attacks primarily
affect integrity but could be considered an availability attack as well.
Risk ✔️is the likelihood that an event will occur. To have risk there must be a
threat and vulnerability.
Threats ✔️are any events being man-made, natural or environmental that could cause damage to assets.
Vulnerabilities ✔️are a weakness that a threat event or the threat agent can take advantage of.
Impact ✔️takes into account the value of the asset being threatened and uses it to calculate risk
Risk Management Process ✔️Identify assets, identify threats, assess vulnerabilities, assess risks, mitigate risks
Defense in Depth ✔️Using multiple layers of security to defend your assets.
Controls ✔️are the ways we protect assets. Three different types: physical, logical, administrative
Physical Controls ✔️environment; physical items that protect assets think locks, doors, guards, and, fences or environmental factors (time)
Logical Controls ✔️Sometimes called technical controls, these protect the systems, networks, and environments that process, transmit, and
store our data
, Administrative Controls ✔️based on laws, rules, policies, and procedures, guidelines, and other items that are "paper" in nature. They are the
policies that organizations create for governance. For example, acceptable use and email use policies.
Preparation ✔️phase of incident response consists of all of the activities that we can perform, in advance of the incident itself, in order to better
enable us to handle it.
Incident Response Process ✔️1. Preparation
2. Detection and Analysis (Identification)
3. Containment
4. Eradication
5. Recovery
6. Post-incident activity: document/Lessons learned
Detection & Analysis ✔️where the action begins to happen in our incident response process. In this phase, we will detect the occurrence of an
issue and decide whether or not it is actually an incident, so that we can respond appropriately to it.
Containment ✔️involves taking steps to ensure that the situation does not cause any more damage than it already has, or to at least lessen any
ongoing harm.
Eradication ✔️attempt to remove the effects of the issue from our environment.
Recovery ✔️restoring devices or data to pre-incident state (rebuilding systems, reloading applications, backup media, etc.)
Post-incident activity ✔️determine specifically what happened, why it happened, and what we can do to keep it from happening again.
(postmortem).
Identity ✔️who or what we claim to be. Simply an assertion.
Authentication ✔️the act of providing who or what we claim to be. More technically, the set of methods used to establish whether a claim is
true
Verification ✔️simply verifies status of ID. For example, showing your driver's license at a bar. "Half-step" between identity and authentication
Five Different Types of Authentication ✔️• Something you know: Username/Password/Pin
• Something you have: ID badge/swipe card/OTP
• Something you are: Fingerprint/Iris/Retina scan
• Somewhere you are: Geolocation
• Something you do: Handwriting/typing/walking
Single-factor authentication ✔️only using one type of authentication
Dual-factor authentication ✔️using two different factors of authentication (2 of the same factor does not count )
Multi-factor authentication ✔️Use of several (more than two) authentication techniques together, such as passwords and security tokens, and
geolocation.
Mutual Authentication ✔️process where the session is
authenticated on both ends and just one end.
Mutual authentication prevents what kind of attacks? ✔️man-in-the-middle attacks
Using a password for access is what kind of authentication ✔️Something you know
An iris-scan for access is what kind of authentication ✔️Something you are
Using a security key-fob for access is what kind of authentication ✔️Something you have
