BIOLOGY 189 EXAM 2 Study guide questions and answers 2026\2027
A+ Grade
What does it mean for a carrier protein to be saturated?
- correct answer saturated carrier proteins means all the binding that the protein can do is used * when
all sides are bound up
What are the types of active transport? part 1
- correct answer sodium potassium pump and cotransport mechanism
What are the types of active transport? part 2 explanation
- correct answer Sodium Potassium Pump - process of moving sodium and potassium ions across the cell
membrane involving the hydrolysis of ATP to produce necessary ENERGY
What are the types of active transport? part 3 explanation
- correct answer Co-transport Mechanism- 2 substances are simultaneously transported across a
membrane by 1 protein or complex protein with NO ATP activity
Describe the type of endocytosis
- correct answer phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated
Endocytosis: Phagocytosis
- correct answer "cellular eating" - engulfs a particle in a vacuole
Endocytosis: Pinocytosis
- correct answer "cellular drinking" - molecules are taken up when extracellular fluid is "gulped" into tiny
vesicles
, Endocytosis: Receptor- mediated
- correct answer binding of ligands (any molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site) to receptors
triggers vesicle formation
how does receptor - mediated endocytosis differ from the other types of endocytosis?
- correct answer It differs because it is more specific
Explain exocytosis
- correct answer Exocytosis is the evacuator of substances out of the cell - transport vesicles migrate tot
he membrane and fuse with it and release their contents
ex: secretory cells use exocytosis to export their products, pancreas uses exocytosis to secrete insulin
what are the biological roles of nucleic acids
- correct answer nucleic acids are polymers made of monomers called nucleotides. the roles are storage,
replication, recombination, transmission of genetic information
what are the two nucleic acids in the human body?
- correct answer (DNA) deoxyribonucleic acid and (RNA) ribonucleic acid:
they enable living organisms to reproduce their complex components from one generation to the next.
DNA is the genetic material that organisms inherit from their parents
What is each nucleic acid's biological role?
- correct answer DNA - stores information
RNA- carrier/messenger of information to protein
What are the building blocks of nucleic acids? what are the components of these building blocks?
- correct answer Building blocks of nucleic acids are polynucleotides and each polynucleotide consists of
monomers called nucleotide. a nucleotide is composed of 3 parts: 5 carbon sugar (pentose), a nitrogen
(nitrogenous base), one or more phosphate groups
what are the 4 types of nitrogen bases found in DNA and RNA?
- correct answer DNA = Cytosine and Thymine and Adenine and Guanine
RNA = Uracil and Thymine and Adenine and Guanine
A+ Grade
What does it mean for a carrier protein to be saturated?
- correct answer saturated carrier proteins means all the binding that the protein can do is used * when
all sides are bound up
What are the types of active transport? part 1
- correct answer sodium potassium pump and cotransport mechanism
What are the types of active transport? part 2 explanation
- correct answer Sodium Potassium Pump - process of moving sodium and potassium ions across the cell
membrane involving the hydrolysis of ATP to produce necessary ENERGY
What are the types of active transport? part 3 explanation
- correct answer Co-transport Mechanism- 2 substances are simultaneously transported across a
membrane by 1 protein or complex protein with NO ATP activity
Describe the type of endocytosis
- correct answer phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated
Endocytosis: Phagocytosis
- correct answer "cellular eating" - engulfs a particle in a vacuole
Endocytosis: Pinocytosis
- correct answer "cellular drinking" - molecules are taken up when extracellular fluid is "gulped" into tiny
vesicles
, Endocytosis: Receptor- mediated
- correct answer binding of ligands (any molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site) to receptors
triggers vesicle formation
how does receptor - mediated endocytosis differ from the other types of endocytosis?
- correct answer It differs because it is more specific
Explain exocytosis
- correct answer Exocytosis is the evacuator of substances out of the cell - transport vesicles migrate tot
he membrane and fuse with it and release their contents
ex: secretory cells use exocytosis to export their products, pancreas uses exocytosis to secrete insulin
what are the biological roles of nucleic acids
- correct answer nucleic acids are polymers made of monomers called nucleotides. the roles are storage,
replication, recombination, transmission of genetic information
what are the two nucleic acids in the human body?
- correct answer (DNA) deoxyribonucleic acid and (RNA) ribonucleic acid:
they enable living organisms to reproduce their complex components from one generation to the next.
DNA is the genetic material that organisms inherit from their parents
What is each nucleic acid's biological role?
- correct answer DNA - stores information
RNA- carrier/messenger of information to protein
What are the building blocks of nucleic acids? what are the components of these building blocks?
- correct answer Building blocks of nucleic acids are polynucleotides and each polynucleotide consists of
monomers called nucleotide. a nucleotide is composed of 3 parts: 5 carbon sugar (pentose), a nitrogen
(nitrogenous base), one or more phosphate groups
what are the 4 types of nitrogen bases found in DNA and RNA?
- correct answer DNA = Cytosine and Thymine and Adenine and Guanine
RNA = Uracil and Thymine and Adenine and Guanine
