NUl 150/l NU150l Examl 4l –l (Newl 2026/l
2027l Update)l Pharmacologyl Guidel |l
Questionsl &l Answersl |l Gradel A|l 100%l
Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l Galen
QUESTION
Mechanisml ofl actionl ofl levodopal andl carbidopa
Answer:
Numberl onel drugl forl Parkinson'sl disease
Levodopal leavesl morel dopaminel inl thel brain
Carbidopal conservesl morel dopamine
Dopaminel isl thel "happyl hormone"
"youl can'tl jumpl ropel ifl youl don'tl havel dope"
Levodopal -l crossl thel BBBl inl smalll amounts→l convertedl intol dopamine.l Ifl givenl withl
carbidopa,l ↑l drugl levell thatl reachesl thel brain.
Carbidopal -l hasl nol effectl whenl givenl alone
QUESTION
Neurotransmitterl imbalancesl inl Parkinson's
Answer:
degenerativel disorder,l deficiencyl inl dopaminel andl excessl acetylcholinel resultingl inl lossl
ofl cellsl inl thel substantial nigra.
,QUESTION
Neurotransmitterl imbalancesl inl Alzheimer's
Answer:
Reductionl inl acetylcholine.l Amyloidl plaquesl destroyl neurons
QUESTION
Neurotransmitterl imbalancesl inl Dementia
Answer:
causedl byl Alzheimer's
QUESTION
Neurotransmitterl imbalancesl inl Depression
Answer:
Lowl noradrenaline,l dopamine,l andl serotonin.
QUESTION
Neurotransmitterl imbalancesl inl Schizophrenia
Answer:
veryl highl dopaminel andl glutamate
QUESTION
, Neurotransmitterl imbalancesl inl Anxiety
Answer:
lowl GABA
QUESTION
Extrapyramidall signsl andl symptoms.
Answer:
Pseudol parkinsonism-stoopedl posture,l shufflingl gait
Acutel dystonia-faciall grimacing,l involuntaryl upwardl eyel movement
Akathisia-restless,l troublel standingl still,l pacesl thel floor
Tardivel dyskinesia-protrusionl andl rollingl ofl thel tongue,l suckingl andl smackingl
movementsl ofl thel lips
QUESTION
Expectedl outcomesl andl commonl ADRsl amongl patientsl takingl AntiParkinson'sl drugs.
Answer:
ADRS
Dryl mouth
Dysphagia
Anorexia
N/V
Abdominall pain
Constipation
Hardl tremor
Increasel headache
Dizziness
MOSTl SERIOUS
Choreiforml movements-involuntaryl twitching
Dystonicl movementsl -l facel spasms
2027l Update)l Pharmacologyl Guidel |l
Questionsl &l Answersl |l Gradel A|l 100%l
Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l Galen
QUESTION
Mechanisml ofl actionl ofl levodopal andl carbidopa
Answer:
Numberl onel drugl forl Parkinson'sl disease
Levodopal leavesl morel dopaminel inl thel brain
Carbidopal conservesl morel dopamine
Dopaminel isl thel "happyl hormone"
"youl can'tl jumpl ropel ifl youl don'tl havel dope"
Levodopal -l crossl thel BBBl inl smalll amounts→l convertedl intol dopamine.l Ifl givenl withl
carbidopa,l ↑l drugl levell thatl reachesl thel brain.
Carbidopal -l hasl nol effectl whenl givenl alone
QUESTION
Neurotransmitterl imbalancesl inl Parkinson's
Answer:
degenerativel disorder,l deficiencyl inl dopaminel andl excessl acetylcholinel resultingl inl lossl
ofl cellsl inl thel substantial nigra.
,QUESTION
Neurotransmitterl imbalancesl inl Alzheimer's
Answer:
Reductionl inl acetylcholine.l Amyloidl plaquesl destroyl neurons
QUESTION
Neurotransmitterl imbalancesl inl Dementia
Answer:
causedl byl Alzheimer's
QUESTION
Neurotransmitterl imbalancesl inl Depression
Answer:
Lowl noradrenaline,l dopamine,l andl serotonin.
QUESTION
Neurotransmitterl imbalancesl inl Schizophrenia
Answer:
veryl highl dopaminel andl glutamate
QUESTION
, Neurotransmitterl imbalancesl inl Anxiety
Answer:
lowl GABA
QUESTION
Extrapyramidall signsl andl symptoms.
Answer:
Pseudol parkinsonism-stoopedl posture,l shufflingl gait
Acutel dystonia-faciall grimacing,l involuntaryl upwardl eyel movement
Akathisia-restless,l troublel standingl still,l pacesl thel floor
Tardivel dyskinesia-protrusionl andl rollingl ofl thel tongue,l suckingl andl smackingl
movementsl ofl thel lips
QUESTION
Expectedl outcomesl andl commonl ADRsl amongl patientsl takingl AntiParkinson'sl drugs.
Answer:
ADRS
Dryl mouth
Dysphagia
Anorexia
N/V
Abdominall pain
Constipation
Hardl tremor
Increasel headache
Dizziness
MOSTl SERIOUS
Choreiforml movements-involuntaryl twitching
Dystonicl movementsl -l facel spasms
