ORTHOTIC WRITTEN SIMULATION EXAM (REAL EXAM 2026-2027) COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS BRAND NEW VERSION!!!....
Orthotic Written Simulation Exam
Instructions: Choose the single best answer for each question.
Section 1: Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Kinesiology (Questions 1-30)
1. The primary action of the tibialis anterior muscle is:
A) Plantarflexion and inversion
B) Dorsiflexion and inversion
C) Dorsiflexion and eversion
D) Plantarflexion and eversion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The tibialis anterior is the primary dorsiflexor of the ankle and also a
strong invertor of the subtalar joint. This is crucial for the heel strike and loading
response phases of gait.
2. The normal angle of the talocrural joint axis in the transverse plane is
approximately:
,A) 5-10 degrees internally rotated
B) 10-15 degrees externally rotated
C) 18-23 degrees internally rotated
D) 18-23 degrees externally rotated
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The talocrural (ankle) joint axis is oriented obliquely. In the transverse
plane, it is internally rotated approximately 5-10 degrees from the midline of the
foot. In the sagittal plane, it is angled inferiorly by about 10-15 degrees.
3. Which of the following anatomical structures is the primary restraint against
anterior translation of the tibia on the femur?
A) Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
B) Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
C) Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
D) Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ACL is the primary stabilizer against anterior tibial translation and
internal tibial rotation. The PCL resists posterior translation.
,4. During the stance phase of gait, the subtalar joint is primarily in which position
to allow for shock absorption?
A) Supination
B) Pronation
C) Neutral
D) Inversion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: At initial contact and loading response, the subtalar joint pronates
(eversion, abduction, dorsiflexion). This unlocks the transverse tarsal joints,
allowing the foot to become a flexible shock-absorbing structure.
5. The femoral angle of inclination (neck-shaft angle) is normally approximately:
A) 100 degrees
B) 125 degrees
C) 150 degrees
D) 180 degrees
Correct Answer: B
, Rationale: The normal neck-shaft angle of the femur is approximately 125
degrees. A decrease is coxa vara, and an increase is coxa valga.
6. Which muscle group is primarily responsible for the "push-off" phase of gait?
A) Quadriceps
B) Hamstrings
C) Gastrocnemius and Soleus
D) Tibialis Anterior
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The gastrocnemius and soleus (triceps surae) are the primary
plantarflexors. Their concentric action during terminal stance provides the
propulsive force for push-off.
7. The center of mass (COM) during normal gait is located approximately at which
vertebral level?
A) S1
B) L3
C) T12
D) C7
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS BRAND NEW VERSION!!!....
Orthotic Written Simulation Exam
Instructions: Choose the single best answer for each question.
Section 1: Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Kinesiology (Questions 1-30)
1. The primary action of the tibialis anterior muscle is:
A) Plantarflexion and inversion
B) Dorsiflexion and inversion
C) Dorsiflexion and eversion
D) Plantarflexion and eversion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The tibialis anterior is the primary dorsiflexor of the ankle and also a
strong invertor of the subtalar joint. This is crucial for the heel strike and loading
response phases of gait.
2. The normal angle of the talocrural joint axis in the transverse plane is
approximately:
,A) 5-10 degrees internally rotated
B) 10-15 degrees externally rotated
C) 18-23 degrees internally rotated
D) 18-23 degrees externally rotated
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The talocrural (ankle) joint axis is oriented obliquely. In the transverse
plane, it is internally rotated approximately 5-10 degrees from the midline of the
foot. In the sagittal plane, it is angled inferiorly by about 10-15 degrees.
3. Which of the following anatomical structures is the primary restraint against
anterior translation of the tibia on the femur?
A) Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
B) Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
C) Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
D) Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ACL is the primary stabilizer against anterior tibial translation and
internal tibial rotation. The PCL resists posterior translation.
,4. During the stance phase of gait, the subtalar joint is primarily in which position
to allow for shock absorption?
A) Supination
B) Pronation
C) Neutral
D) Inversion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: At initial contact and loading response, the subtalar joint pronates
(eversion, abduction, dorsiflexion). This unlocks the transverse tarsal joints,
allowing the foot to become a flexible shock-absorbing structure.
5. The femoral angle of inclination (neck-shaft angle) is normally approximately:
A) 100 degrees
B) 125 degrees
C) 150 degrees
D) 180 degrees
Correct Answer: B
, Rationale: The normal neck-shaft angle of the femur is approximately 125
degrees. A decrease is coxa vara, and an increase is coxa valga.
6. Which muscle group is primarily responsible for the "push-off" phase of gait?
A) Quadriceps
B) Hamstrings
C) Gastrocnemius and Soleus
D) Tibialis Anterior
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The gastrocnemius and soleus (triceps surae) are the primary
plantarflexors. Their concentric action during terminal stance provides the
propulsive force for push-off.
7. The center of mass (COM) during normal gait is located approximately at which
vertebral level?
A) S1
B) L3
C) T12
D) C7
