PSYC 2301 FINAL EXAM 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Define mixed- longitudinal study - ✔✔accessing age relate changes combine cross
section + longitudinal = observe a cross section of participant over a shorter period than
✔✔Describe a high and low correlational relationship - ✔✔high : -1 -> +1 : 1st variable
change 2sd change
low: 0.1 -> 0.3 : 1st variable not change 2sd
✔✔Define informed consent - ✔✔permission obtain from a research participant
(volunteer) : risks + benefits of experiment => explain through fully
✔✔Identify reasons for using animals in research - ✔✔- biology = human
- control environment
- wrong expose human to risk health (medicin)
✔✔What is the impact of myelination of a neuron? - ✔✔serves as an insulator around
the axon and speeds the transmission of signals
✔✔Define glial cells - ✔✔- make neutron to do job efficiently
- neutron stay in place
- clean up debris
- connect blood vessel serving neutron
support the neurons by, among other things, supplying them with nutrients and
removing waste material
✔✔What is the ionic charge of a neuron inside the axon's - membrane at rest? - ✔✔-
inside ; + outside
✔✔What is the ionic charge of a neuron inside the axon's membrane during action
potential? - ✔✔+ inside - outside
✔✔What is the form of communication between neurons? - ✔✔action potential ; 1st
reach min level theroid to start / neutron generate electric signal travel length of axon /
2sd arrive axon terminal -> release the neutrontransmiter by snapstic vessels into
snaptic gap. Then lock and key on receptor @ dendroid
-= chemical and electrical synapses in a process known as neurotransmission, also
called synaptic transmission. The fundamental process that triggers the release of
neurotransmitters is the action potential, a propagating electrical signal that is generated
by exploiting the electrically excitable membrane of the neuron. This is also known as a
wave of depolarization.
✔✔Define neurotransmitters - ✔✔in axon terminal has synatic vesicle which have
chemical message -> transmit signal bw neutron (or electrical )
, ( communication between neurons as accomplished by the movement of chemicals or
electrical signals across a synaps)
✔✔Describe the sequence of an action potential - ✔✔cell at resting potential -> reach
threshold -> action potential occur -> axon terminal -> (neurotransmitter) synapse
vesicle release @ synapse gap -> bind/ match /interact receptors
✔✔Describe "lock and key" - ✔✔only neutron transmittor match/ dump/ bind to identical
receptor / what left/ reuptake -> go back terminal
✔✔Describe the role of dopamine - ✔✔is neutron transmitter ->movement, planing,
reward, attention, learning/ loss dopamine cause Paskinson/
✔✔Describe the role of serotonin - ✔✔regulate sleep , appetite, mood, depression
✔✔What is the major function of the spinal cord? - ✔✔- large bungle of axons
- transmitting inf BW brain and rest of body; simple reflexes
- bring sensory information back to central nervous system and carry motor command to
muscle
✔✔Describe the function of interneurons - ✔✔is a neuron that forms a connection
between other neurons. Interneurons are neither motor nor sensory. The term is also
applied to brain and spinal cord neurons
✔✔Describe the medulla - ✔✔breath, heart rate, digestion, vital reflect
✔✔Describe the cerebellum - ✔✔= smooth movement + balance + rapid + some
perception and cognition
- volunteer movement lesion (difficult walking, loss balance)
✔✔Describe the thalamus - ✔✔sensory message to cortex (not smell)
✔✔Describe the role of the basal ganglia - ✔✔volunteer movement + curve thalamus +
receive from motor cortex or all area from ceberal cortex => send information to cortex
✔✔Describe the hippocampus - ✔✔new - short time memory
✔✔Describe the corpus collosum - ✔✔connect 2 hemisphere + pass inf bw them
✔✔Describe the Broca's area - ✔✔speech production
✔✔Describe the occipital lobe - ✔✔visual signal (vision and visual perception)
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Define mixed- longitudinal study - ✔✔accessing age relate changes combine cross
section + longitudinal = observe a cross section of participant over a shorter period than
✔✔Describe a high and low correlational relationship - ✔✔high : -1 -> +1 : 1st variable
change 2sd change
low: 0.1 -> 0.3 : 1st variable not change 2sd
✔✔Define informed consent - ✔✔permission obtain from a research participant
(volunteer) : risks + benefits of experiment => explain through fully
✔✔Identify reasons for using animals in research - ✔✔- biology = human
- control environment
- wrong expose human to risk health (medicin)
✔✔What is the impact of myelination of a neuron? - ✔✔serves as an insulator around
the axon and speeds the transmission of signals
✔✔Define glial cells - ✔✔- make neutron to do job efficiently
- neutron stay in place
- clean up debris
- connect blood vessel serving neutron
support the neurons by, among other things, supplying them with nutrients and
removing waste material
✔✔What is the ionic charge of a neuron inside the axon's - membrane at rest? - ✔✔-
inside ; + outside
✔✔What is the ionic charge of a neuron inside the axon's membrane during action
potential? - ✔✔+ inside - outside
✔✔What is the form of communication between neurons? - ✔✔action potential ; 1st
reach min level theroid to start / neutron generate electric signal travel length of axon /
2sd arrive axon terminal -> release the neutrontransmiter by snapstic vessels into
snaptic gap. Then lock and key on receptor @ dendroid
-= chemical and electrical synapses in a process known as neurotransmission, also
called synaptic transmission. The fundamental process that triggers the release of
neurotransmitters is the action potential, a propagating electrical signal that is generated
by exploiting the electrically excitable membrane of the neuron. This is also known as a
wave of depolarization.
✔✔Define neurotransmitters - ✔✔in axon terminal has synatic vesicle which have
chemical message -> transmit signal bw neutron (or electrical )
, ( communication between neurons as accomplished by the movement of chemicals or
electrical signals across a synaps)
✔✔Describe the sequence of an action potential - ✔✔cell at resting potential -> reach
threshold -> action potential occur -> axon terminal -> (neurotransmitter) synapse
vesicle release @ synapse gap -> bind/ match /interact receptors
✔✔Describe "lock and key" - ✔✔only neutron transmittor match/ dump/ bind to identical
receptor / what left/ reuptake -> go back terminal
✔✔Describe the role of dopamine - ✔✔is neutron transmitter ->movement, planing,
reward, attention, learning/ loss dopamine cause Paskinson/
✔✔Describe the role of serotonin - ✔✔regulate sleep , appetite, mood, depression
✔✔What is the major function of the spinal cord? - ✔✔- large bungle of axons
- transmitting inf BW brain and rest of body; simple reflexes
- bring sensory information back to central nervous system and carry motor command to
muscle
✔✔Describe the function of interneurons - ✔✔is a neuron that forms a connection
between other neurons. Interneurons are neither motor nor sensory. The term is also
applied to brain and spinal cord neurons
✔✔Describe the medulla - ✔✔breath, heart rate, digestion, vital reflect
✔✔Describe the cerebellum - ✔✔= smooth movement + balance + rapid + some
perception and cognition
- volunteer movement lesion (difficult walking, loss balance)
✔✔Describe the thalamus - ✔✔sensory message to cortex (not smell)
✔✔Describe the role of the basal ganglia - ✔✔volunteer movement + curve thalamus +
receive from motor cortex or all area from ceberal cortex => send information to cortex
✔✔Describe the hippocampus - ✔✔new - short time memory
✔✔Describe the corpus collosum - ✔✔connect 2 hemisphere + pass inf bw them
✔✔Describe the Broca's area - ✔✔speech production
✔✔Describe the occipital lobe - ✔✔visual signal (vision and visual perception)
