Offences Against the Person
OAPA
Assault: Any conduct by which D, intentionally or recklessly causes V to apprehend immediate and
unlawful personal force to the body. R v Ireland [1988]
o Actus reus: D must do an act that causes another person to apprehend the application of
immediate unlawful personal force. No violence need flow from this causing of
apprehension.
o Mens rea: intention to create the apprehension of immediate unlawful force to the body of
another or being subjective reckless as to the creation of that apprehension. R v Savage, R v
Parmenter [1992].
OAPA
Assault: Any conduct by which D, intentionally or recklessly causes V to apprehend immediate and
unlawful personal force to the body. R v Ireland [1988]
o Actus reus: D must do an act that causes another person to apprehend the application of
immediate unlawful personal force. No violence need flow from this causing of
apprehension.
o Mens rea: intention to create the apprehension of immediate unlawful force to the body of
another or being subjective reckless as to the creation of that apprehension. R v Savage, R v
Parmenter [1992].
