SCIENCE OLYMPIAD ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY EXAM
SCRIPT 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED
A+
✔✔Prolactin - ✔✔n stimulates production of milk in nursing mothers
✔✔Oxytocin - ✔✔stimulates contractions of the uterus
✔✔Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - ✔✔stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb more water
from the
collecting ducts in the kidneys so there is more water in the blood
✔✔Pineal - ✔✔secretes melatonin, which regulates our internal clocks and any
rhythmic activities; circadian rhythm
✔✔Thyroid gland - ✔✔wraps around the trachea at the base of the neck
✔✔thyroxine - ✔✔regulates the metabolic rates of almost all the cells in
the body;As the thyroxine levels in the blood increase so does the rate of
cellular respiration;The thyroid gland needs iodine to create thyroxine, that is why
salt is iodized now
✔✔Parathyroid - ✔✔four little glands are embedded in the thyroid
gland
✔✔parathyroid hormone - ✔✔regulates the
amount of calcium in the blood and its absorption by
bones
✔✔parathyroid hormone - ✔✔regulates the
amount of calcium in the blood and its absorption by
bones
✔✔Thymus - ✔✔Secretes thymosin which stimulates T-cell (that is
a type of white blood cell) production in
children.
✔✔Adrenal - ✔✔There are two located on top of the kidneys; secretes epinephrine,
norepinephrine, cortisol, aldosterone
✔✔epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine - ✔✔regulate our fight or flight
response at times of extreme stress
✔✔aldesterone - ✔✔regulates reabsorption of
, nutrients from the kidney
✔✔cortisol - ✔✔controls the rate of metabolism of
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
✔✔Pancreas - ✔✔Secretes insulin which tells the liver and muscles
to remove sugar from the blood and store it as fat; Also secretes glucagon which tells
the liver to
break down fat stores and release sugar back into
the blood
✔✔Ovaries - ✔✔Secrete estrogen and progesterone which regulate the
female menstrual cycle
✔✔Testicles - ✔✔secrete testosterone
✔✔Pituitary Gland Disorders - ✔✔Pituitary dwarfism = hyposecretion of GH
• Giantism = hypersecretion of GH during childhood
• Acromegaly = hypersecretion of GH during adulthood
• Diabetes insipidus = hyposecretion of ADH which causes excretion of
large amounts of dilute urine and subsequent dehydration and thirst
✔✔Thyroid Gland Disorders - ✔✔Cretinism = hyposecretion of thyroid hormones during
fetal life or infancy.
• Myxedema = hypothyroidism during adult years
• Grave's Disease = an autoimmune disease which is the most common
form of hyperthyroidism
• Goiter = enlarged thyroid gland
✔✔Parathyroid Gland Disorders - ✔✔Hypoparathyroidism results in muscle tetany
• Hyperparathyroidism produces osteitis fibrosa cystica which results in demineralization
of the
bone.
✔✔Adrenal Gland Disorders - ✔✔Cushing's Syndrome = hypersecretion of cortisol by
the adrenal cortex
• Addison's Disease = hyposecretion of glucocorticoids and aldosterone
• Tumors of the adrenal medulla can cause hypersecretion of medullary hormones and
a prolonged
"fight or flight" response.
✔✔Pancreatic Disorders - ✔✔Diabetes mellitus = a group of disorders caused by an
inability to produce or use insulin
• Type I or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is caused by an absolute deficiency of
insulin
SCRIPT 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED
A+
✔✔Prolactin - ✔✔n stimulates production of milk in nursing mothers
✔✔Oxytocin - ✔✔stimulates contractions of the uterus
✔✔Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - ✔✔stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb more water
from the
collecting ducts in the kidneys so there is more water in the blood
✔✔Pineal - ✔✔secretes melatonin, which regulates our internal clocks and any
rhythmic activities; circadian rhythm
✔✔Thyroid gland - ✔✔wraps around the trachea at the base of the neck
✔✔thyroxine - ✔✔regulates the metabolic rates of almost all the cells in
the body;As the thyroxine levels in the blood increase so does the rate of
cellular respiration;The thyroid gland needs iodine to create thyroxine, that is why
salt is iodized now
✔✔Parathyroid - ✔✔four little glands are embedded in the thyroid
gland
✔✔parathyroid hormone - ✔✔regulates the
amount of calcium in the blood and its absorption by
bones
✔✔parathyroid hormone - ✔✔regulates the
amount of calcium in the blood and its absorption by
bones
✔✔Thymus - ✔✔Secretes thymosin which stimulates T-cell (that is
a type of white blood cell) production in
children.
✔✔Adrenal - ✔✔There are two located on top of the kidneys; secretes epinephrine,
norepinephrine, cortisol, aldosterone
✔✔epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine - ✔✔regulate our fight or flight
response at times of extreme stress
✔✔aldesterone - ✔✔regulates reabsorption of
, nutrients from the kidney
✔✔cortisol - ✔✔controls the rate of metabolism of
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
✔✔Pancreas - ✔✔Secretes insulin which tells the liver and muscles
to remove sugar from the blood and store it as fat; Also secretes glucagon which tells
the liver to
break down fat stores and release sugar back into
the blood
✔✔Ovaries - ✔✔Secrete estrogen and progesterone which regulate the
female menstrual cycle
✔✔Testicles - ✔✔secrete testosterone
✔✔Pituitary Gland Disorders - ✔✔Pituitary dwarfism = hyposecretion of GH
• Giantism = hypersecretion of GH during childhood
• Acromegaly = hypersecretion of GH during adulthood
• Diabetes insipidus = hyposecretion of ADH which causes excretion of
large amounts of dilute urine and subsequent dehydration and thirst
✔✔Thyroid Gland Disorders - ✔✔Cretinism = hyposecretion of thyroid hormones during
fetal life or infancy.
• Myxedema = hypothyroidism during adult years
• Grave's Disease = an autoimmune disease which is the most common
form of hyperthyroidism
• Goiter = enlarged thyroid gland
✔✔Parathyroid Gland Disorders - ✔✔Hypoparathyroidism results in muscle tetany
• Hyperparathyroidism produces osteitis fibrosa cystica which results in demineralization
of the
bone.
✔✔Adrenal Gland Disorders - ✔✔Cushing's Syndrome = hypersecretion of cortisol by
the adrenal cortex
• Addison's Disease = hyposecretion of glucocorticoids and aldosterone
• Tumors of the adrenal medulla can cause hypersecretion of medullary hormones and
a prolonged
"fight or flight" response.
✔✔Pancreatic Disorders - ✔✔Diabetes mellitus = a group of disorders caused by an
inability to produce or use insulin
• Type I or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is caused by an absolute deficiency of
insulin
