RADIOLOGY PATHOLOGY CORE EXAM SET 2026/2027
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Epiphrenic diverticulum - ✔✔Pulsion type above the hemi diaphragm
✔✔Traction(colonic) diverticula effects what age ? - ✔✔People over 40
✔✔Diverticulitis - ✔✔Inflammation of diverticulum
✔✔Fistula - ✔✔Abnormal connection between two internal structures
✔✔Most common region of tumors of esophagus? - ✔✔Lower third of esophagus
✔✔What kind of carcinoma arises most commonly in body of esophagus ? -
✔✔Squamous cell carcinoma
✔✔Diverticulosis - ✔✔Presence of diverticula without inflammation
✔✔Adenocarcenoma of large intestine ? - ✔✔Refereed to colorectal cancer
✔✔What do early adenocarcenomas look like? - ✔✔Plaque like lesions or sessile
polyps
✔✔What are two types of polyps? - ✔✔Sessile(no stalk)
Pedunculated (attached by narrow stalk)
✔✔Most common type of colon cancer ? - ✔✔Adenocarcenoma
✔✔What epithelial tissues is colon cancer derived from? - ✔✔Glandular epithelial
✔✔After what age is the risk for colon cancer arise ? - ✔✔After age 40
✔✔Inflammatory reaction - ✔✔General reaction non specific to agent causing injury
✔✔Purpose for inflammatory reaction - ✔✔Localize injurious agent
Prepare for repair
✔✔Two types of inflammatory reactions - ✔✔Acute
Chronic
✔✔Symptoms of Acute inflammatory response - ✔✔Cellular necrosis
Swelling
Redness and pain
,✔✔Chronic inflammatory response - ✔✔Damage may not cause necrosis
✔✔Tissue regeneration - ✔✔Tissue replaced by new tissue
✔✔Deridement - ✔✔Removal of dead cells
New cells created via mitosis
✔✔Infection - ✔✔Inflammatory process caused by a disease causing organism
✔✔What is infection accompanied by ? - ✔✔Inflammation
✔✔Degenerative disease - ✔✔Deterioration of the body
Associated with aging process
May exist in younger patient following trauma
✔✔Factors affecting rate of aging - ✔✔Heredity
Diet
Environmental factor
✔✔How does ability of tissue decrease? - ✔✔Reduced cell numbers
Function of cell declines
✔✔3 diseases commonly associated with aging process - ✔✔Atherosclerosis-plaque in
walls of arteries
Osteoporosis-demineralization of bone
Osteoarthritis-deterioration of joint cartilage
✔✔Metabolic disease - ✔✔Disturbance of normal physiologic function
✔✔Metabolic disorders include......? - ✔✔Endocrine disorders
✔✔Endocrine disturbance depends on ? - ✔✔Degree of dysfunction
Age and sex of patient
✔✔Traumatic disease - ✔✔Results from mechanical forces such as crushing , twisting
or radiation on the human body.
✔✔Wound - ✔✔Injury of soft parts associated of rupture of skin
✔✔Contusion - ✔✔Bruise/bleeding into tissue space as a result of capillary rupture
✔✔Neoplastic disease - ✔✔Disease resulting in new abnormal tissue growth
✔✔Neoplasm - ✔✔Overgrowth of cells
, ✔✔Benign neoplasm - ✔✔Non invasive non spreading
✔✔Malignant neoplasm - ✔✔Cancer
Spreading and continues to grow
✔✔Metastasis - ✔✔Spread of malignant cancer cells
✔✔Hematogenous spread - ✔✔Cancer invades via circulatory system
✔✔Lymphatic spread - ✔✔Cancer invades via lymphatic system
✔✔Invasion of metastasis - ✔✔Spread to surrounding cells
✔✔Seeing metastasis - ✔✔Cancer cells travel to distant site
✔✔Carcinoma
Sarcoma
Leukemia
Lymphoma - ✔✔Epithelial
Connective
Blood cells
Lymphatic cells
✔✔Fracture - ✔✔Discontinuity of a bone
✔✔During a fracture: blood cells are broken
How? - ✔✔Break in endosteum
Break in periosteum
✔✔Purpose of radiography in evaluation of skeletal trauma? - ✔✔Diagnose fracture
Assess healing or complications
✔✔How many projections needed to determine fracture alignment? - ✔✔Two right
angle projections
✔✔Why do we demonstrate adjacent joints during fracture X-ray? - ✔✔Possible
dislocation due to fracture
✔✔Exposure increase for:
Wet fiberglass
Dry plaster cast
Wet plaster cast
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Epiphrenic diverticulum - ✔✔Pulsion type above the hemi diaphragm
✔✔Traction(colonic) diverticula effects what age ? - ✔✔People over 40
✔✔Diverticulitis - ✔✔Inflammation of diverticulum
✔✔Fistula - ✔✔Abnormal connection between two internal structures
✔✔Most common region of tumors of esophagus? - ✔✔Lower third of esophagus
✔✔What kind of carcinoma arises most commonly in body of esophagus ? -
✔✔Squamous cell carcinoma
✔✔Diverticulosis - ✔✔Presence of diverticula without inflammation
✔✔Adenocarcenoma of large intestine ? - ✔✔Refereed to colorectal cancer
✔✔What do early adenocarcenomas look like? - ✔✔Plaque like lesions or sessile
polyps
✔✔What are two types of polyps? - ✔✔Sessile(no stalk)
Pedunculated (attached by narrow stalk)
✔✔Most common type of colon cancer ? - ✔✔Adenocarcenoma
✔✔What epithelial tissues is colon cancer derived from? - ✔✔Glandular epithelial
✔✔After what age is the risk for colon cancer arise ? - ✔✔After age 40
✔✔Inflammatory reaction - ✔✔General reaction non specific to agent causing injury
✔✔Purpose for inflammatory reaction - ✔✔Localize injurious agent
Prepare for repair
✔✔Two types of inflammatory reactions - ✔✔Acute
Chronic
✔✔Symptoms of Acute inflammatory response - ✔✔Cellular necrosis
Swelling
Redness and pain
,✔✔Chronic inflammatory response - ✔✔Damage may not cause necrosis
✔✔Tissue regeneration - ✔✔Tissue replaced by new tissue
✔✔Deridement - ✔✔Removal of dead cells
New cells created via mitosis
✔✔Infection - ✔✔Inflammatory process caused by a disease causing organism
✔✔What is infection accompanied by ? - ✔✔Inflammation
✔✔Degenerative disease - ✔✔Deterioration of the body
Associated with aging process
May exist in younger patient following trauma
✔✔Factors affecting rate of aging - ✔✔Heredity
Diet
Environmental factor
✔✔How does ability of tissue decrease? - ✔✔Reduced cell numbers
Function of cell declines
✔✔3 diseases commonly associated with aging process - ✔✔Atherosclerosis-plaque in
walls of arteries
Osteoporosis-demineralization of bone
Osteoarthritis-deterioration of joint cartilage
✔✔Metabolic disease - ✔✔Disturbance of normal physiologic function
✔✔Metabolic disorders include......? - ✔✔Endocrine disorders
✔✔Endocrine disturbance depends on ? - ✔✔Degree of dysfunction
Age and sex of patient
✔✔Traumatic disease - ✔✔Results from mechanical forces such as crushing , twisting
or radiation on the human body.
✔✔Wound - ✔✔Injury of soft parts associated of rupture of skin
✔✔Contusion - ✔✔Bruise/bleeding into tissue space as a result of capillary rupture
✔✔Neoplastic disease - ✔✔Disease resulting in new abnormal tissue growth
✔✔Neoplasm - ✔✔Overgrowth of cells
, ✔✔Benign neoplasm - ✔✔Non invasive non spreading
✔✔Malignant neoplasm - ✔✔Cancer
Spreading and continues to grow
✔✔Metastasis - ✔✔Spread of malignant cancer cells
✔✔Hematogenous spread - ✔✔Cancer invades via circulatory system
✔✔Lymphatic spread - ✔✔Cancer invades via lymphatic system
✔✔Invasion of metastasis - ✔✔Spread to surrounding cells
✔✔Seeing metastasis - ✔✔Cancer cells travel to distant site
✔✔Carcinoma
Sarcoma
Leukemia
Lymphoma - ✔✔Epithelial
Connective
Blood cells
Lymphatic cells
✔✔Fracture - ✔✔Discontinuity of a bone
✔✔During a fracture: blood cells are broken
How? - ✔✔Break in endosteum
Break in periosteum
✔✔Purpose of radiography in evaluation of skeletal trauma? - ✔✔Diagnose fracture
Assess healing or complications
✔✔How many projections needed to determine fracture alignment? - ✔✔Two right
angle projections
✔✔Why do we demonstrate adjacent joints during fracture X-ray? - ✔✔Possible
dislocation due to fracture
✔✔Exposure increase for:
Wet fiberglass
Dry plaster cast
Wet plaster cast
