RADIOLOGY PATHOLOGY END OF COURSE 2026/2027
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Exposure increase for:
Wet fiberglass
Dry plaster cast
Wet plaster cast
Dry fiberglass - ✔✔Yes
Yes
Yes
No
✔✔How do fractures appear on X-ray? - ✔✔Radiolucent lines
✔✔Joint effusion - ✔✔Increased fluid in synovial joint
✔✔Hemarthrosis - ✔✔Blood in a joint
✔✔Within how many days do osteoblasts begin to appear post fracture? - ✔✔2-3 days
✔✔How long till bones are rigidly united post fracture? - ✔✔4-6 weeks
✔✔How are fractures classified? - ✔✔Open-bone penetrated skin
Closed-skin not penetrated
✔✔Fracture classification according to mechanics of stress - ✔✔Torsion
Transverse
Linear
Spiral
Impacted
✔✔Comminuted fractures - ✔✔Bone is splintered or crushed at site of impact
✔✔Two types of comminuted fractures - ✔✔Butterfly fracture
Splintered fracture
✔✔Non-comminuted fractures(complete) - ✔✔Bone separated into two two fragments
✔✔3 types of Non-comminuted fractures(complete) - ✔✔Transverse: fracture line at
right angle to bone
Spiral: spirals around the axis of bone
Oblique: fracture passes bone at oblique angle
,✔✔Avulsion Fracture - ✔✔Fragment of bone is pulled away from shaft
✔✔Two types of incomplete fractures - ✔✔Green stick
Torus
✔✔Greenstick fracture
Who gets them? - ✔✔Cortex breaks on one side without other breaking
Infants and children under 10
✔✔Torus fracture - ✔✔Cortex bulges outward aka buckle fracture
✔✔Colles fracture - ✔✔Distal radius
Distal fragment displaced posteriorly
✔✔Smith fracture (Reverse Colles) - ✔✔Distal radius
Distal fragment displaced anteriorly
✔✔Boxers fracture - ✔✔Fracture of the fifth metacarpal
✔✔Bennet Fracture - ✔✔Fracture of base of first metacarpal
Thumb forced backward
✔✔Monteggia Fracture - ✔✔Fracture of proximal third of ulnar shaft
✔✔Potts Fracture - ✔✔Compete fracture of both malleoli, with dislocation of ankle joint.
✔✔Dislocation - ✔✔Bone is out of its joint and not in contact with its articulation
✔✔Common sites for dislocation - ✔✔Shoulder: most common anterior
Hip: most common posterior
✔✔Who is most likely to separate acromioclavicular joints - ✔✔More common in
children
✔✔Subluxation - ✔✔Partial dislocation
✔✔Avascular Necrosis - ✔✔Bone Death resulting from inadequate blood supply
✔✔How long is symptom of pain present post avascular necrosis? - ✔✔Up to one year
✔✔What is modality of choice for avascular necrosis? - ✔✔MRI
✔✔Legg-calve-perthes disease - ✔✔Avascular Necrosis of femoral head
, ✔✔Typical age of Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease ? - ✔✔Boys age 5-10
✔✔Most common type of arthritis ? - ✔✔Osteoarthritis
✔✔What is osteoarthritis know as ? - ✔✔DJD degenerative joint disease
✔✔What modality allows for RAPID assessment of the nature of any brain injury? -
✔✔Computed Tomography CT
✔✔Linear Fracture - ✔✔Straight sharply defined fracture
✔✔Most skull fractures are what kind of fracture? - ✔✔Linear fracture
✔✔Depressed Fracture - ✔✔Caused by high velocity impact from small objects
✔✔CT not available
What kind of view is sued to determine degree of depression in depressed fracture ? -
✔✔Tangential view
✔✔Basilar fracture - ✔✔Fractures of structures of temporal bone
✔✔Visceral cranial fractures - ✔✔Fracture of facial bones
✔✔Two techniques for fractured zygomatic arch - ✔✔OBL submentovertical
Parietocsnthal or Waters method
✔✔Most common site on a mandibular fracture - ✔✔At the angles
✔✔Slowest healing bone in the body? - ✔✔Mandible
✔✔What are 3 types of maximally fractures ? - ✔✔Horizontal(LeFort I)
Pyramidal(LeFort II)
Transverse(LeFort III)
✔✔Blowout fracture - ✔✔Orbital floor fracture above maxillary sinuses
✔✔Tripod fracture - ✔✔Zygomatic bone fracture at all three sutures
✔✔Most frequently fractured facial bone - ✔✔Nasal bone
✔✔Most frequent type of of injury involving a vertebral body - ✔✔Compression fracture
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Exposure increase for:
Wet fiberglass
Dry plaster cast
Wet plaster cast
Dry fiberglass - ✔✔Yes
Yes
Yes
No
✔✔How do fractures appear on X-ray? - ✔✔Radiolucent lines
✔✔Joint effusion - ✔✔Increased fluid in synovial joint
✔✔Hemarthrosis - ✔✔Blood in a joint
✔✔Within how many days do osteoblasts begin to appear post fracture? - ✔✔2-3 days
✔✔How long till bones are rigidly united post fracture? - ✔✔4-6 weeks
✔✔How are fractures classified? - ✔✔Open-bone penetrated skin
Closed-skin not penetrated
✔✔Fracture classification according to mechanics of stress - ✔✔Torsion
Transverse
Linear
Spiral
Impacted
✔✔Comminuted fractures - ✔✔Bone is splintered or crushed at site of impact
✔✔Two types of comminuted fractures - ✔✔Butterfly fracture
Splintered fracture
✔✔Non-comminuted fractures(complete) - ✔✔Bone separated into two two fragments
✔✔3 types of Non-comminuted fractures(complete) - ✔✔Transverse: fracture line at
right angle to bone
Spiral: spirals around the axis of bone
Oblique: fracture passes bone at oblique angle
,✔✔Avulsion Fracture - ✔✔Fragment of bone is pulled away from shaft
✔✔Two types of incomplete fractures - ✔✔Green stick
Torus
✔✔Greenstick fracture
Who gets them? - ✔✔Cortex breaks on one side without other breaking
Infants and children under 10
✔✔Torus fracture - ✔✔Cortex bulges outward aka buckle fracture
✔✔Colles fracture - ✔✔Distal radius
Distal fragment displaced posteriorly
✔✔Smith fracture (Reverse Colles) - ✔✔Distal radius
Distal fragment displaced anteriorly
✔✔Boxers fracture - ✔✔Fracture of the fifth metacarpal
✔✔Bennet Fracture - ✔✔Fracture of base of first metacarpal
Thumb forced backward
✔✔Monteggia Fracture - ✔✔Fracture of proximal third of ulnar shaft
✔✔Potts Fracture - ✔✔Compete fracture of both malleoli, with dislocation of ankle joint.
✔✔Dislocation - ✔✔Bone is out of its joint and not in contact with its articulation
✔✔Common sites for dislocation - ✔✔Shoulder: most common anterior
Hip: most common posterior
✔✔Who is most likely to separate acromioclavicular joints - ✔✔More common in
children
✔✔Subluxation - ✔✔Partial dislocation
✔✔Avascular Necrosis - ✔✔Bone Death resulting from inadequate blood supply
✔✔How long is symptom of pain present post avascular necrosis? - ✔✔Up to one year
✔✔What is modality of choice for avascular necrosis? - ✔✔MRI
✔✔Legg-calve-perthes disease - ✔✔Avascular Necrosis of femoral head
, ✔✔Typical age of Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease ? - ✔✔Boys age 5-10
✔✔Most common type of arthritis ? - ✔✔Osteoarthritis
✔✔What is osteoarthritis know as ? - ✔✔DJD degenerative joint disease
✔✔What modality allows for RAPID assessment of the nature of any brain injury? -
✔✔Computed Tomography CT
✔✔Linear Fracture - ✔✔Straight sharply defined fracture
✔✔Most skull fractures are what kind of fracture? - ✔✔Linear fracture
✔✔Depressed Fracture - ✔✔Caused by high velocity impact from small objects
✔✔CT not available
What kind of view is sued to determine degree of depression in depressed fracture ? -
✔✔Tangential view
✔✔Basilar fracture - ✔✔Fractures of structures of temporal bone
✔✔Visceral cranial fractures - ✔✔Fracture of facial bones
✔✔Two techniques for fractured zygomatic arch - ✔✔OBL submentovertical
Parietocsnthal or Waters method
✔✔Most common site on a mandibular fracture - ✔✔At the angles
✔✔Slowest healing bone in the body? - ✔✔Mandible
✔✔What are 3 types of maximally fractures ? - ✔✔Horizontal(LeFort I)
Pyramidal(LeFort II)
Transverse(LeFort III)
✔✔Blowout fracture - ✔✔Orbital floor fracture above maxillary sinuses
✔✔Tripod fracture - ✔✔Zygomatic bone fracture at all three sutures
✔✔Most frequently fractured facial bone - ✔✔Nasal bone
✔✔Most frequent type of of injury involving a vertebral body - ✔✔Compression fracture
