BIOCHEM 210 FINAL EXAM 2026–2027
(50 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS)
ALREADY GRADED A+ | 100%
VERIFIED
Nursing & Biochemistry | Portage Learning
Key Domains: Biomolecules (Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids), Enzyme
Kinetics, Cellular Metabolism (Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain),
Bioenergetics, and Molecular Biology Fundamentals
Expert-Aligned Structure | Exam-Ready Format
Introduction
This structured BIOCHEM 210 Final Exam format for 2026–2027 provides the complete
layout for generating high-quality exam-style questions with correct answers and
rationales. It emphasizes foundational biochemical principles, metabolic pathways, enzyme
function, and molecular biology critical to professional nursing and health sciences practice
and successful Portage Learning course completion.
Answer Format
All correct answers appear in bold and cyan, accompanied by concise rationales explaining
biochemical/clinical reasoning, mechanism adherence, and why alternative options are less
appropriate.
,Question 1: What is the primary function of carbohydrates in biological systems?
• A. Long-term energy storage
• B. Providing immediate energy and serving as structural components
• C. Catalyzing biochemical reactions
• D. Storing genetic information
Correct Answer: B. Providing immediate energy and serving as structural
components
Rationale: Carbohydrates serve as the primary source of immediate energy (through
glucose metabolism) and provide structural support (cellulose in plants, chitin in
arthropods). Option A describes the primary function of lipids (triglycerides). Option C
describes enzymes (proteins). Option D describes nucleic acids (DNA/RNA).
Question 2: Which type of bond links amino acids together to form proteins?
• A. Glycosidic bond
• B. Peptide bond
• C. Phosphodiester bond
• D. Hydrogen bond
Correct Answer: B. Peptide bond
Rationale: Peptide bonds are covalent bonds formed between the carboxyl group of one
amino acid and the amino group of another through a dehydration synthesis reaction.
Option A (glycosidic bond) links monosaccharides in carbohydrates. Option C
(phosphodiester bond) links nucleotides in nucleic acids. Option D (hydrogen bond) is a
weak intermolecular force, not the primary linkage in proteins.
Question 3: What is the net ATP yield from glycolysis per molecule of glucose?
• A. 2 ATP
• B. 4 ATP
• C. 36 ATP
• D. 38 ATP
Correct Answer: A. 2 ATP
Rationale: Glycolysis produces a net gain of 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule (4 ATP
are produced but 2 ATP are consumed in the investment phase). Option B (4 ATP) is the
gross production before subtracting the investment. Options C and D (36-38 ATP) represent
the total ATP yield from complete aerobic respiration including the Krebs cycle and electron
transport chain.
, Question 4: Which enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step of glycolysis?
• A. Hexokinase
• B. Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)
• C. Pyruvate kinase
• D. Aldolase
Correct Answer: B. Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)
Rationale: PFK-1 catalyzes the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-
bisphosphate, which is the committed, rate-limiting step of glycolysis. It is allosterically
regulated by ATP, citrate (inhibitors), and AMP, fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (activators).
Option A (hexokinase) catalyzes the first step but is not rate-limiting. Option C (pyruvate
kinase) catalyzes the final step. Option D (aldolase) cleaves fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.
Question 5: What is the primary role of the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle)?
• A. To produce glucose from pyruvate
• B. To generate high-energy electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) for the electron
transport chain
• C. To synthesize fatty acids
• D. To break down fatty acids into acetyl-CoA
Correct Answer: B. To generate high-energy electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) for
the electron transport chain
Rationale: The Krebs cycle oxidizes acetyl-CoA to CO2 while generating 3 NADH, 1 FADH2,
and 1 GTP per turn. The electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) feed electrons into the
electron transport chain for ATP production. Option A describes gluconeogenesis. Option C
describes lipogenesis. Option D describes beta-oxidation.
Question 6: Where does the electron transport chain occur in eukaryotic cells?
• A. Cytoplasm
• B. Mitochondrial outer membrane
• C. Mitochondrial inner membrane
• D. Nucleus
Correct Answer: C. Mitochondrial inner membrane
Rationale: The electron transport chain (ETC) is embedded in the inner mitochondrial
membrane, where it creates a proton gradient across this membrane to drive ATP synthesis.
Option A (cytoplasm) is where glycolysis occurs. Option B (outer membrane) is permeable
(50 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS)
ALREADY GRADED A+ | 100%
VERIFIED
Nursing & Biochemistry | Portage Learning
Key Domains: Biomolecules (Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids), Enzyme
Kinetics, Cellular Metabolism (Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain),
Bioenergetics, and Molecular Biology Fundamentals
Expert-Aligned Structure | Exam-Ready Format
Introduction
This structured BIOCHEM 210 Final Exam format for 2026–2027 provides the complete
layout for generating high-quality exam-style questions with correct answers and
rationales. It emphasizes foundational biochemical principles, metabolic pathways, enzyme
function, and molecular biology critical to professional nursing and health sciences practice
and successful Portage Learning course completion.
Answer Format
All correct answers appear in bold and cyan, accompanied by concise rationales explaining
biochemical/clinical reasoning, mechanism adherence, and why alternative options are less
appropriate.
,Question 1: What is the primary function of carbohydrates in biological systems?
• A. Long-term energy storage
• B. Providing immediate energy and serving as structural components
• C. Catalyzing biochemical reactions
• D. Storing genetic information
Correct Answer: B. Providing immediate energy and serving as structural
components
Rationale: Carbohydrates serve as the primary source of immediate energy (through
glucose metabolism) and provide structural support (cellulose in plants, chitin in
arthropods). Option A describes the primary function of lipids (triglycerides). Option C
describes enzymes (proteins). Option D describes nucleic acids (DNA/RNA).
Question 2: Which type of bond links amino acids together to form proteins?
• A. Glycosidic bond
• B. Peptide bond
• C. Phosphodiester bond
• D. Hydrogen bond
Correct Answer: B. Peptide bond
Rationale: Peptide bonds are covalent bonds formed between the carboxyl group of one
amino acid and the amino group of another through a dehydration synthesis reaction.
Option A (glycosidic bond) links monosaccharides in carbohydrates. Option C
(phosphodiester bond) links nucleotides in nucleic acids. Option D (hydrogen bond) is a
weak intermolecular force, not the primary linkage in proteins.
Question 3: What is the net ATP yield from glycolysis per molecule of glucose?
• A. 2 ATP
• B. 4 ATP
• C. 36 ATP
• D. 38 ATP
Correct Answer: A. 2 ATP
Rationale: Glycolysis produces a net gain of 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule (4 ATP
are produced but 2 ATP are consumed in the investment phase). Option B (4 ATP) is the
gross production before subtracting the investment. Options C and D (36-38 ATP) represent
the total ATP yield from complete aerobic respiration including the Krebs cycle and electron
transport chain.
, Question 4: Which enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step of glycolysis?
• A. Hexokinase
• B. Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)
• C. Pyruvate kinase
• D. Aldolase
Correct Answer: B. Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)
Rationale: PFK-1 catalyzes the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-
bisphosphate, which is the committed, rate-limiting step of glycolysis. It is allosterically
regulated by ATP, citrate (inhibitors), and AMP, fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (activators).
Option A (hexokinase) catalyzes the first step but is not rate-limiting. Option C (pyruvate
kinase) catalyzes the final step. Option D (aldolase) cleaves fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.
Question 5: What is the primary role of the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle)?
• A. To produce glucose from pyruvate
• B. To generate high-energy electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) for the electron
transport chain
• C. To synthesize fatty acids
• D. To break down fatty acids into acetyl-CoA
Correct Answer: B. To generate high-energy electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) for
the electron transport chain
Rationale: The Krebs cycle oxidizes acetyl-CoA to CO2 while generating 3 NADH, 1 FADH2,
and 1 GTP per turn. The electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) feed electrons into the
electron transport chain for ATP production. Option A describes gluconeogenesis. Option C
describes lipogenesis. Option D describes beta-oxidation.
Question 6: Where does the electron transport chain occur in eukaryotic cells?
• A. Cytoplasm
• B. Mitochondrial outer membrane
• C. Mitochondrial inner membrane
• D. Nucleus
Correct Answer: C. Mitochondrial inner membrane
Rationale: The electron transport chain (ETC) is embedded in the inner mitochondrial
membrane, where it creates a proton gradient across this membrane to drive ATP synthesis.
Option A (cytoplasm) is where glycolysis occurs. Option B (outer membrane) is permeable
