2
Nursing pathophysiology exam 1 with || || || || ||
verified answers ||
describe pathophysiology. what makes it different than A+P?
|| || || || || || ||
- pathophysiology is the functional changes in the body as a result from disease
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
- when the normal is disrupted
|| || || || || ||
- it includes aspects of pathology, which describes structural changes in body
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
tissues caused by disease.
|| || || ||
what is apoptosis? || ||
programmed cell death || || ||
- ex: after 120 days, RBC apoptos. apoptosis is a normal occurrence in the body
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
in addition to apoptosis, what are other mechanisms of cell damage?
|| || || || || || || || || ||
,2
- physical agents such as excessive heat or cold or radiation exposure
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
- mechanical damage: the pressure or tearing of tissue
|| || || || || || || ||
- chemical toxins
|| ||
- microorganisms
||
- nutritional deficits
|| ||
- imbalance of fluids or electrolytes
|| || || || ||
- oxygen balance
|| ||
what are the two types of local disruption of oxygen balance?
|| || || || || || || || || ||
- obstruction and ischemia
|| || || ||
- obstruction is when it blocks oxygen but not through arterial blood supply;
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
ischemia is when it disrupts arterial blood supply
|| || || || || || || ||
- examples of obstruction are asthma and pneumonia
|| || || || || || || ||
- examples of ischemia is thrombus (clot), injury, and compression (tourniquet)
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
what are the two types of systemic disruptions in oxygen balance?
|| || || || || || || || || ||
- systemic is all over the body
|| || || || || ||
,2
- decrease in oxygen intake and anemia are examples of systemic
|| || || || || || || || || ||
- when oxygen intake decreases, we go into anaerobic respiration which
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
releases lactic acid. || ||
what is hypoxia? || ||
a lack of oxygen in the tissues
|| || || || || ||
- local obstructions and ischemia as well as a decrease in oxygen intake and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
anemia can lead to hypoxia || || || ||
as a result of hypoxia, necrosis can occur. what is necrosis and what leads to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
such?
- necrosis is cell death. unlike apoptosis, this is a bad form of cell death.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
- infarction is the result of hypoxia and leads to necrosis
|| || || || || || || || || ||
- infection and inflammation can also lead to necrosis
|| || || || || || || || ||
what is atrophy and where is it most commonly found? what are the causes of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
atrophy?
- atrophy is the decrease in size of cells
|| || || || || || || ||
, 2
- it is commonly found in skeletal muscle, cardiac tissue, secondary sex organs,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
and the brain || ||
- it is caused by decreased workload, use, nutritional intake, nervous/hormonal
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
stimulation, aging, and ischemia || || ||
- it results in decreased tissue mass because the environment can't support the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
metabolic needs. ||
what is hypertrophy and where is it most commonly found? what are the causes
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
of hypertrophy?
|| ||
- hypertrophy is the increase in the size of cells.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
- it is commonly found in the heart, kidneys, and skeletal muscle
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
- physiologic hypertrophy is good and usually due to exercise creating new
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
blood flow and mitochondria || || || ||
- pathological hypertrophy is an increase in size without support; it is bad!
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
- caused by excessive hormonal stimulation, exercise, additional work by
|| || || || || || || || || ||
tissues, increased demand || || ||
- results in enlarged tissue mass and can lead to hypertension/ischemia
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Nursing pathophysiology exam 1 with || || || || ||
verified answers ||
describe pathophysiology. what makes it different than A+P?
|| || || || || || ||
- pathophysiology is the functional changes in the body as a result from disease
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
- when the normal is disrupted
|| || || || || ||
- it includes aspects of pathology, which describes structural changes in body
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
tissues caused by disease.
|| || || ||
what is apoptosis? || ||
programmed cell death || || ||
- ex: after 120 days, RBC apoptos. apoptosis is a normal occurrence in the body
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
in addition to apoptosis, what are other mechanisms of cell damage?
|| || || || || || || || || ||
,2
- physical agents such as excessive heat or cold or radiation exposure
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
- mechanical damage: the pressure or tearing of tissue
|| || || || || || || ||
- chemical toxins
|| ||
- microorganisms
||
- nutritional deficits
|| ||
- imbalance of fluids or electrolytes
|| || || || ||
- oxygen balance
|| ||
what are the two types of local disruption of oxygen balance?
|| || || || || || || || || ||
- obstruction and ischemia
|| || || ||
- obstruction is when it blocks oxygen but not through arterial blood supply;
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
ischemia is when it disrupts arterial blood supply
|| || || || || || || ||
- examples of obstruction are asthma and pneumonia
|| || || || || || || ||
- examples of ischemia is thrombus (clot), injury, and compression (tourniquet)
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
what are the two types of systemic disruptions in oxygen balance?
|| || || || || || || || || ||
- systemic is all over the body
|| || || || || ||
,2
- decrease in oxygen intake and anemia are examples of systemic
|| || || || || || || || || ||
- when oxygen intake decreases, we go into anaerobic respiration which
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
releases lactic acid. || ||
what is hypoxia? || ||
a lack of oxygen in the tissues
|| || || || || ||
- local obstructions and ischemia as well as a decrease in oxygen intake and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
anemia can lead to hypoxia || || || ||
as a result of hypoxia, necrosis can occur. what is necrosis and what leads to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
such?
- necrosis is cell death. unlike apoptosis, this is a bad form of cell death.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
- infarction is the result of hypoxia and leads to necrosis
|| || || || || || || || || ||
- infection and inflammation can also lead to necrosis
|| || || || || || || || ||
what is atrophy and where is it most commonly found? what are the causes of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
atrophy?
- atrophy is the decrease in size of cells
|| || || || || || || ||
, 2
- it is commonly found in skeletal muscle, cardiac tissue, secondary sex organs,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
and the brain || ||
- it is caused by decreased workload, use, nutritional intake, nervous/hormonal
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
stimulation, aging, and ischemia || || ||
- it results in decreased tissue mass because the environment can't support the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
metabolic needs. ||
what is hypertrophy and where is it most commonly found? what are the causes
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
of hypertrophy?
|| ||
- hypertrophy is the increase in the size of cells.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
- it is commonly found in the heart, kidneys, and skeletal muscle
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
- physiologic hypertrophy is good and usually due to exercise creating new
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
blood flow and mitochondria || || || ||
- pathological hypertrophy is an increase in size without support; it is bad!
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
- caused by excessive hormonal stimulation, exercise, additional work by
|| || || || || || || || || ||
tissues, increased demand || || ||
- results in enlarged tissue mass and can lead to hypertension/ischemia
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
